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Software Development and Recent Technological Innovations for Geographical and Statistical Applications for Population Activities... the United Nations.

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Présentation au sujet: "Software Development and Recent Technological Innovations for Geographical and Statistical Applications for Population Activities... the United Nations."— Transcription de la présentation:

1 Software Development and Recent Technological Innovations for Geographical and Statistical Applications for Population Activities... the United Nations Statistics Division experience by Vu Duy Man and Patrick Gerland

2 Introduction Papier préparé pour la “First International Health Geographics” conférence organisée par John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Octobre 1998. Applications des SIGs dans le domaine de la santé et du développement international. Développements récents en matière d’atlas électroniques et de base de données géographiques pour la santé et les activités de population. Revue de différentes stratégies avec attention particulière à l’expérience de la Division des Statistiques de l’ONU

3 Les bases de données géographiques et les systèmes d’information géographiques (SIG)...
…une forme particulière de système d’information appliqué aux données référencées géographiquement

4 Les systèmes d’information géographiques et leur définition
Système : un groupe d’entités et d’activités connectées qui interagissent dans un but commun. Système d’information : un ensemble de processus appliqués sur des données brutes qui produit de l’information pouvant être utile pour prendre des décisions. Système d’information géographique (SIG) : utilise des données référencées géographiquement ainsi que des données non-spatiales, et des opérations d’analyse spatiale.

5 Qu’est ce qu’un SIG? un système d’équipement, de logiciels et de procédures conçu pour assister la saisie, la gestion, la manipulation, l’analyse, la modélisation et l’affichage de données référencées spatialement pour résoudre des problèmes complexes, planifier et gérer.

6 Les données spatiales Ce sont des objets ou des entités qui sont référencés par leur emplacement Les éléments cartographiques Zones Lignes Points Les couches Unités administratives Services Autres couches Coordonnées latitude / longitude ou adresse des rues

7 Les couches Points Lignes Zones Villes, Villages Routes, Voies Ferrées
Pays Hopitaux Rues de ville Ilots de recensement Ecoles Rivières Districts de santé Aéroports Canalisation d’eau, egouts et sanitation Zones de planification Entrepots Lignes électriques, téléphoniques Contour des immeubles

8 Les données spatiales et les caractéristiques des données sont liées ensemble...
Districts de recensement 305 306 304 303 302 Id Pop Ménage 305 20,838 5,934 306 74,293 21,893 ... Hopitaux 154 156 157 160 155 158 159 Id Type Personnel 156 RPH 17 157 General 47 ...

9 Les couches de données Les données sont organisées
Rivières Les données sont organisées en couches avec l’espace comme système d’indexation en commun + Habitats + Unités Admin. Grille de Référence Longitude Latitude

10 Les données caractéristiques
Ce sont des données qui sont liées à des objets spatiaux Données de recensement par unités administratives Titres de proprietés de parcelles foncières Caractéristiques du sol ou de la végétation Registres de santé par centres médicaux Information sur la qualité du réseau routier

11 Pourquoi les SIGs sont importants ?
Ils intégrent des informations spatiales et d’autres types Ils fournissent un cadre d’analyse logique pour des données référencées geographiquement Ils offrent de nouvelles et puissantes façons de manipuler et afficher des données Ils permettent de voir et analyser des données selon leurs proximités et leurs relations spatiales

12 Explorer des relations
A partir de l’emplacement géographique et la proximité, les SIGs permettent d’établir des liens entre activités : Examiner des données géographiquement permet souvent de suggérer de nouvelles relations et explications Ces relations sont souvent inconnues ou ignorer sans l’aide d’un SIG, mais peuvent être vitales à la compréhension et la gestion des activités et ressources Par exemple, il est possible d’établir un lien entre sources de pollution et distributions de maladies

13 En combinant des jeux de données
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Sources de pollution Cas de Leucemie

14 L’information au sujet du “où” permet de combiner des ensembles de données hétérogènes

15 Les possibilités analytiques des SIGs
à l’aide de requêtes choisir des éléments à l’aide de leurs caractéristiques : “Trouver tous les districts avec taux d’alphabétisation < 60” choisir des éléments selon leurs relations géographiques : “Trouver toutes les cliniques de planning familial à l’intérieur de ce district” combiner les requêtes géographiques et statistiques : “Trouver tous les villages à moins de 10km d’un centre de santé qui as un taux de mortalité infantile élevé”

16 Les possibilités analytiques (2)
tampon: trouver tous les habitations à plus de 10km d’un centre de santé opérations point-dans-polygone: identifier tous les villages à l’intérieur de zone de vegetation superposition de polygones: combiner des registres administratifs avec des données de district sanitaires géocodage/recherche d’adresses: joinder une liste d’adresse avec une carte des rues opérations de réseaux: trouver le chemin le plus court entre un village et un hopital

17 Les possibilités analytiques (3)
modélisation: identifier ou prédire un processus qui a crée (ou va créer) une certaine distribution spatiale diffusion: comment cette épidemie se répand dans cette province? interaction: où est-ce que les gens émigrent t-ils? scénarios “et si?”: si le barrage est construit, combien de personnes seront déplacées (étude d’impact, etc.)

18 SIGs dans la planification et l’analyse des politiques
Saisie des données Monde Réel Sources de données Prise de décision Entrée des données Gestion des données Usagers information pour la prise de décision Analyse Extraction des données, manipulation

19 Applications pour les activitiesde population
Opérations de recensements Systèmes d’information Analyse spatiale Conception et réalisation d’enquêtes

20 L’évolution logicielle
Intégration entre cartographie thématique, tableur, illustration et présentation graphique, et PAO. Uniformisation des interfaces utilisateurs (Windows) Diffusion des outils bureautiques Nouvelles générations de tableur et bases de données, scripts et VBA, OLE, DLL, VBX, ... Internet, navigateurs, libraries et composants Java et ActiveX Interconnectivité, accès, partage et utilisation de resources et données dispersées

21 Etat actuel de la question
“haut de gamme”: intégration des SIG avec la télédétection interopérabilité (standards SIGs ouverts) analyse spatiale avancée visualization scientifique archivage de données spatiales dans des SGBDs standards

22 Etat actuel de la question
“bas de gamme”: essort de la cartographie thématique/bureautique fournisseurs de données commerciales Système de Positionnement Global (GPS) compléments cartographiques des tableurs bibliothèques de cartes numériques (en-ligne) accès aux données spatiales par l’Internet

23 Les challenges des SIGs
Qui sont les usagers ? Quels sont les bénéfices attendus comparés à la situation actuelle ? Combien de temps sera nécessaire pour la mise en place ? Quels sont les compétences locales ? Dans quelle mesure l’activité est durable en terme de formation, création et gestion de la base de donnée ?

24 Les challenges (2) Quel est l’engagement institutionel ?
Quelle sont les formes de coordination et d’échanges possibles avec les autres producteurs et utilisateurs de données ? Quel est le coùt en terme d’équipement, logiciels, personnel, temps et espace ?

25 Les challenges (3) Standardisation des formats de données, conventions géographiques et de systèmes de coordonnées, classifications et nomemclatures communes Absence de marché commercial pour les données et fonds de cartes Les données et fonds cartographiques sont souvent incomplet,périmé et dans la majorité des cas disponibles seulement sur papier

26 Les challenges (4) Travail massif de conversion de fonds de carte papier en format numérique : tracé manuel, semi-automatique ou vectorization Création et gestion de base de données numériques nationales, régionales et locales Coùt réduit, simplicité d’usage et autonomie Diffusion lente et limitée dans le secteur socio-économique dans les pays en développement

27 Les challenges (5) Manque d’information et de prise de conscience de la valeur ajoutée par la prise en compte de la dimension spatialle Manque de personnel qualifié pour mettre en place le système, organiser les données et utiliser les logiciels Manque de ressources, et dépendance de financement extérieurs Transfer de connaissance et de l’expérience

28 Quelques stratégies SIG et cartographie thématique
cout, organisation et complexité de mise en place deployement du niveau approprié aux compétences et ressources locales Atlas multimédia, atlas en-ligne et visionneuses hypernavigation, interactivité, visualisation systèmes fermés, visionneuses plutot qu’outils analytiques, importation/exportation limitée

29 Quelques strátégies (2)
Atlas électroniques nationaux et locaux : atlas “statiques”: affichage seulement (linéaire ou structuré: multimedia et page webs) atlas “interactifs” : audience plus informatisée, possibilité de manipuler l’information, les vues sont générées dynamiquement en interaction avec l’utilisateur atlas “analytiques” : requêtes, recherches, manipulation de l’information, calculs et intégration de données et de cartes extérieures

30 Atlas électroniques Ensemble structuré de cartes, données, illustrations, tables, textes et éventuellement d’élements multimédias. Principaux avantages: niveaux multiples d’aggrégation géographique liens dynamiques entre les données et les fonds cartographiques moyen facile et convivial, portable, standardisé, et peu couteux de diffusion infinité de vues interactives et accès interactifs

31 Atlas électroniques (2)
Ajouter une plus-value à l’information Diffuser des données Améliorer la présentation, la compréhension et la signification des données Voir des tendances et des relations Produire de nouvelles connaissances Evaluer le succès ou l’impact de politiques Prendre de meilleures décisions

32 Information requise Fonds de carte avec les divisions administratives
Données de recensement et données administratives, statistiques sanitaires, sélection d’indicateurs, tableaux de données, profils descriptifs Statistiques et information sur les services communautaires, villes et villages

33 Base de données existantes
Nombre grandissant de jeux de données numériques dans le domaine publique DCW, ArcWorld, ArcAtlas, etc. Global Demography project, Africa Data Sampler, African/Asian/Latin American Population Databases USGS, CIESIN, WHO/UNICEF, UNSD Gazette numériques (DMA) et GPS

34 Développeurs et usagers
Naviger et diffuser Durabilité et autonomie Utilisation des compétence locales Rotation du personnel Assistance et formation limitée Conception et mise en place d’abord d’un système simple, avec possibilité de migrer ultérieurement si nécessaire.

35 INT/96/P74/WWW Computer Software and Support for Population Activities Project A UNFPA inter-regional project Statistics Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations, New York.

36 Contents Project Objectives Overview Applications
Geographic Population Databases Electronic Atlases Presentation, Visualization Analysis Research Global information systems Time-series Evaluation and Planning Management Support and Monitoring Support MIS for RH/FP and other community facilities and services Support to Decision-Making Key Benefits and Use for population activities Audience and Beneficiaries PopMap Requirements Training and national capacity building PopMap Software Overview Retrieval and Browsing features Spreadsheet Charts Thematic Mapping Information Retrieval and Data Browsing Users Data and PopMap Development Tools PopMap for Windows: interface PopMap Basic Concepts and Key Points Drawing Maps and Cartographic work Computerized Map Library Data conversion issue Manual Digitizing Heads-Up Digitizing Line Following Automated Vectorization MapScan: Procedure and Features Applications for Cartographic Work Geographic databases and Geographic Information System (GIS) Why is it important? To contact us

37 PopMap Information and Decision Support System for Population Activities
Computer Software and Support for Population Activities Project Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations, New York, U.S.A. The development of PopMap has been funded by the United Nations Population Fund to support statistical development in developing countries.

38 PopMap: an overview PopMap is an Interactive Information and Decision Support System that allows end-users, professionals and organizations to store, display and analyse population data. PopMap has applications at the international, national, regional and local levels, and can be used for all types of population activities.

39 What is PopMap ? An integrated software with: ... capabilities
geographical database database editor map editor spreadsheet facilities statistical charts thematic mapping ... capabilities The software provides maps and graphics database support for planning and administration of population activities with important geographical or logistical context, or for facilitating geographical or graphical expression of population indicators and related data.

40 Integrated geographic
What is PopMap? Area Map Integrated geographic database system Data . Retrieval . Organizer Aggregate Data Map & Graphics . Development . Presentation Logistics Data

41 What is PopMap ? Emphasis on statistical database development for sub-national applications and program support PopMap provides the basic elements to develop a simple, but useful geographical information system for thematic and interpretative analysis and presentation - as well as information and decision support system for population activities.

42 PopMap for Windows Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

43 What can PopMap do ? Create, maintain, consult and disseminate a geographical database with multidisciplinary statistics, map features and community-based facilities. Link statistical data and facility information with map locations and features. Retrieve, analyze, manipulate and visualize spatial information and data in a worksheet environment, with statistical graphs and maps.

44 Questions PopMap can answer
What is at... ? What is at this location? How many people are there? Where is it ? Where are the clinics with more than 50 beds? Which districts have high mortality? What has changed since... ? What are the regions where the infant mortality has decreased the most during the last decade? What spatial patterns exist ? Is high fertility caused by lack of access to family planning services? What is the relation between infant mortality and RH/FP services? What if... ? What is the impact on the community if a new school or clinic is opened? What is the urbanization impact on the environment?

45 Use in planning and policy analysis
data collection Data sources Real world take action Data management data input Users information for decision making Analysis data retrieval, manipulation

46 Data structure Topics Administrative areas Facilities Other layers
Static Dynamic / Time References Facilities Types / Attributes Other layers

47 Applications of PopMap for population activities
Map library, census operations, survey design and use Information Systems and population geographical database Electronic atlas for data dissemination Presentation, visualization, research and spatial analysis Evaluation and planning Inventory, management support and monitoring Logistic, decision-making

48 Geographic Population Databases
Population programmes Statistical Offices Management Information Systems Health, epidemiology, MCH, family planning and RH Social affairs: poverty, disabilities, women status Education, labour force, manpower and employment Housing infrastructure and conditions Development planning Transportation network Agriculture and environment Economic activities, industries and services

49 Electronic Atlas for data dissemination
Contents statistical indicators, tables, texts maps, charts, pictures, community services Geographical coverage Time Series User-friendly interface and easy to use Dynamic view: global overview, special focus or area/topic profiles Interactivity and portability

50 Census atlases Improve presentation, enhance understanding and meaning of data Disseminate data to large number of users Provide platform for multi-sectoral databases with time series Guide for development planning and statistical work

51 Examples Zimbabwe 1992 census: province (10), district (81); about 90 indicators Madagascar 1993 census: province (6), district (111), commune (1242); more than 140 indicators Uganda 1991 census: district (38), county (163), sub-county (809); about 40 indicators; atlases of districts

52 Uganda: Zimbabwe: Iganga: Orphanhood Muslim population Household with
electricity Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

53 Madagascar 1993 census Literacy rate Population density Percentage of
household with running water Antananarivo province Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

54 Use for education programme
Fianarantsoa province: Student/teacher ratio Soavinandriana district: Literacy rate and distribution of schools Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

55 Uganda Census Atlas Contents Coverage
population age groups marital status religion education orphanhood housing and household conditions Coverage national, district (38), county (163), sub-county (809) 1969,1980, 1991 203 maps, 15 pictures, 900 tables, 41 indicators for 1011 areas, 39 profiles

56 PopMap Retrieval System
Use the Retrieval System to disseminate the electronic atlas

57 1. Select Active Area Geographical area selection: country (Uganda)
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

58 2. Select Retrieval Level
Level of data retrieval for the active area (country): County Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

59 3. Select Area Statistics
Type of data to retrieve: for areas or individual facilities Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

60 4. Select Variables Create an output with one or several variables
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

61 5. Execute the Query Create an output with one or several variables
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

62 6. Retrieve Data Use the built-in Spreadsheet or Thematic Mapping

63 7. Map a Variable Select the variable to map from the retrieved data
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

64 8. Get the Thematic Map Population density by county from the Uganda 1991 census Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

65 9. Create another map Female literacy by county from the Uganda 1991 census Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

66 10. Zoom-in Focus on one specific area and get an enlarged view
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

67 11. Get some Data for a Location
Display in a window the list of information available Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

68 12. Display Textual Information
Select a topic on the list, and get the profile or the table

69 13. Focus on a District Select a sub-national area: Jinja district by sub-county (Uganda) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

70 14. Work at Municipality Level
Jinja county by enumeration areas in Uganda Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

71 15. Get Data and Create Maps
Female literacy by enumeration areas in Jinja county (Uganda) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

72 Presentation, Visualization, Research and Analysis
Population statistical publications Spatial distribution analysis and relationship Patterns and trends research and detection ... using maps, graphics and spreadsheet display

73 Forms of data presentation
Text and number Chart Map: shows the geographic dimension of the data Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

74 Presentation and visualization
Population, housing and agriculture censuses and surveys Vital and civil registration Administrative records health education public services

75 Population distribution
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

76 Population Density Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

77 Population Growth Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

78 Urbanization Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

79 Rural development and farming
Viet Nam province by communes Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

80 Migration and gender studies
Sex Ratio and Persons Born Elsewhere Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

81 Literacy Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

82 Literacy Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

83 Illiteracy Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

84 Illiteracy Madagascar
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

85 Fertility Total Fertility Rate and Average Number of Children per Woman Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

86 Health and Family Planning
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

87 Life Expectancy at birth
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

88 AIDS, Mortality & Orphanhood
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

89 AIDS, Mortality & Orphanhood
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

90 Cities and urbanization
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

91 Analysis Spatial distribution relationship Patterns detection
Selective retrieval example: UNDP human development index

92 UNDP HDI: literacy rate
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

93 UNDP HDI: years of schooling
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

94 UNDP HDI: education attainment
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

95 UNDP HDI: life expectancy
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

96 UNDP HDI: income (GDP) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

97 UNDP Human Development Index
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

98 Research Time series Trends Patterns
example: infant mortality rate study

99 Global information systems
Time-series of socio-economic, demographic, cultural and environmental indicators Example: PRED Bank, UN Population Division study: relationships between population impact and land use in rural areas data: economy, agriculture, population, soil status, climate, water resource; 60s-90s scope: 138 countries & major geographical regions in developing world

100 Time-series 1950 1960 1980 1990 Changes in infant mortality rates over 40-year period ( ) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

101 Focus on Africa: IMR 1990 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

102 Country profile: IMR 1985 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

103 Evaluation and Planning
Locational decisions and management health family planning education facilities in relation with: social demographic economic ... variables To implement integrated development policies

104 Hospitals and Population
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

105 Clinics and Family Planning
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

106 Locate community services
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

107 Management Support and Monitoring
... with maps showing locations of schools, clinic, family planning centres wells, community-based services, etc. Population Programmes Graphical analysis Follow-up activities Training support ... for field operation staff and others.

108 Reproductive Health Contraceptive Prevalence Rate
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

109 Support MIS for RH/FP and other services
Focus of program at community level Planning, monitoring, evaluation Merging of MIS and geographical databases Decision support based on: population coverage, accessibility, costs, service efficiency, service areas, priority zones, sites location/staffing, quality of care

110 MIS for RH/FP: Examples
Tanzania: the USAID Evaluation project tracking FP activities against population and CPR; inventory of surveyed facilities. Syria: Ministry of Health project on MIS for RH/FP Malaysia: FP Associations monitoring programmes, services and activities

111 MIS for RH/FP: Malaysia
Selangor Perak Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

112 MIS for RH/FP: Examples
Indonesia BKKBN monitoring, analysis and evaluation of FP and Welfare Family programmes application at national and district offices Dominican Republic Health Atlas Pakistan FP service delivery point distribution maps

113 Focus at the province level
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

114 Get information for a clinic
Indonesia Jawa Barat province Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

115 Services: access and quality
Contraceptive use by village Natural features and infrastructure Family planning service delivery points Bali, Indonesia Denpasar district Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

116 Access data and produce statistics on Service Delivery Points
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

117 Support to Decision-Making
Logistic and identification tools for: Services areas mapping Sites selection and staffing Potential and optimum sites location Physical constraints imposed by communication and transportation facilities housing and demographic needs sanitary conditions

118 Identify service areas
Integrated data analysis: Madagascar sample - Census data - Road network - FP SDP Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

119 Identify Health Centers
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

120 Identify New Acceptors
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

121 Primary Education: Resources
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

122 Primary Education: Access
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

123 Who can benefit of PopMap ?
Statistical offices Family planning programmes Planners and analysts Programme officers and managers Decision-makers and policy-makers Researchers and training institutions IEC projects

124 PopMap Audience and beneficiaries
Statistical offices censuses and surveys cartographic work field work monitoring result presentation and dissemination of national and or regional scale

125 PopMap Audience and beneficiaries
Population programmes / projects and health establishments databases for planning, monitoring and evaluating activities, health map for service accessibility and availability analysis

126 PopMap Audience and beneficiaries
Education establishments districts school map education statistics demand / supply analysis

127 PopMap Audience and beneficiaries
Community and rural development programmes / projects inventory situation maps Academic and training institutions basic courses on demography, geography, social sciences data visualization

128 Who can use it? Almost anyone...

129 PopMap Requirements Designed for analysts, researchers, planners and decision-makers No cartographic expertise No computer background required graphic user interface menu-driven No database knowledge Easy to learn and to use An interest in development planning, analysis or management

130 Key Benefits a set of tools for creating, editing and maintaining a geographical database with multidisciplinary statistics, map features and community-based facilities. a collection of capabilities for retrieving and processing data in a worksheet environment, and for creating statistical graphs. a wide range of options for analyzing, interpreting, and developing effective data presentations using maps.

131 PopMap: Potential Users
Population Programmes Statistical Offices Health: epidemiology, maternal and child care, family planning and reproductive health Social affairs: poverty, manpower and employment Housing infrastructure and condition Development planning Transportation network Agriculture and environment Economic activities, industries and services Research institutes and universities

132 Training and national capacity building
regional/sub-regional workshop on-site training none * Workshops (since 1991) - 11 regional and sub-regional workshops - 5 national workshops - more than 250 participants * Network of national experts on geographic database, GIS and mapping technologies and use of software Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

133 Software Overview The PopMap database is developed and maintained by Data Editor. It defines and categorizes information into hierarchical administrative area levels with specific time reference periods. PopMap links the database information with maps created with Map Editor, thus enabling users to produce effective and meaningful data presentations for analysis using the spreadsheet, charting or mapping facilities. The PopMap System module is the main component dealt with by the ordinary user of the maps and statistical database to easily perform the following functions.

134 PopMap Retrieval and Browsing features
select context area for retrieval and map display of data; create condition criteria for selective retrieval of area or facility data; transfer retrieved data to the PopMap spreadsheet;

135 PopMap Spreadsheet Built-in Excel-compatible spreadsheet for data manipulations

136 PopMap Spreadsheet compute secondary variables;
import and export data with other spreadsheets and databases software (dBASE DBF, Excel XLS, etc.); sort and reorder ("match") retrieved and imported data; generate, display or print more than 30 chart types (bars, lines, scatter diagrams, filled areas, bubbles, or pie slices) from data in the spreadsheet with options for 2D and 3D graphs, and a wide degree of charting and graphical customization.

137 PopMap Charts

138 PopMap Thematic Mapping
Multiple user-defined layers map importation and overlay several variables Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

139 PopMap Thematic Mapping
overlay several variables, generate thematic maps with areas displayed according to values of selected data using up to 16 intervals of automatically or manually set interval limits, and including icons representing selected individual facilities scaled according to selected intervals of attribute values.

140 PopMap Thematic Mapping
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

141 Page layout for printout with maps, graphs and data sheets
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

142 PopMap Thematic Mapping
customize thematic maps using: color ranges, graduated symbols, pie and bar charts, dot density, individual value mapping. Adjust settings to modify colors, patterns, size, fonts, style, etc.

143 Options to customize thematic maps
Dialog windows to modify colors, patterns, size, fonts, style, etc. 6 different types of thematic maps

144 Information Retrieval and Data Browsing
browse, with optional zooming, among subdivisions and individual entity data within the context area map, including “point-and-shoot” information display; support for multimedia objects (text, photos, sound, video, etc.), and annotations, WYSIWYG page layout. facilities for locating and selecting features, measuring distances and areas, and calculating statistics.

145 Access information for selected item (Ghana)
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

146 Zoom-in with features selection, data browsing and statistics
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

147 Working in PopMap with Geographic Information
other features include true zooming and scaling, easy features labeling, multiple layers and overlay, ability to import/export standard maps (AutoCAD DXF, Atlas BNA, MapInfo MIF, etc.) and data file formats in the various PopMap components; support for real world coordinates, geo-referencing existing maps, hand-drawn or imported maps, map merging, projection manipulations, scale and north arrow.

148 PopMap for Windows support for scalable fonts and symbols, all Windows printers (including color and PostScript), video adapters, screen resolutions, and pointing devices. compatible with all national versions of Windows and supports all multilingual character-sets including Roman and non-Roman fonts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Hindi-Urdu, Bengali, Farsi, Thai, Japanese, Hebrew, etc.). print or save generated worksheets, graphs, maps and layouts for further use.

149 Users Data and PopMap Development Tools
PopMap offers a simple database application framework to help end-users build their own geographical database with statistical indicators and meta-information: … topics, definition, source, footnote, comments, attachment, etc.

150 How to create an application
Required inputs: maps and data Maps showing administrative boundaries, routes, rivers, and other relevant features to the development plans under study; Time-dimensioned statistical indicators for individual administrative units included in the maps; Statistics and individual attributes of facilities at particular geographical locations.

151 1. PopMap Database Editor
A database editor for declaring and maintaining the structure and content of the database. Design and layout of the geographical and statistical database. Data entry and update facilities for developing and maintaining a geographic information system based on a statistical database and facility data.

152 PopMap Database Editor
1. Declaring variables and working with data 2. Statistical Database with meta-information Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

153 PopMap Database Editor
A large number of features, variables and layers can be declared with a provision to store meta-information such as: topics, sources, footnotes, etc., for each variable and user-defined layer. The database is automatically linked to two other components of the software: a Map Editor and a Retrieval System.

154 2. PopMap Map Editor A map editor for entering cartographical features like boundaries, borders, rivers, routes and facility locations Set of tools to create, modify and maintain administrative base maps. Map data includes line-segment set boundaries (outlines), rivers, routes, including point location data up to seven levels of administrative and geographical hierarchy.

155 Base maps Base maps and sites of population activities and facilities are prepared by digitizing (or importing) maps with outlines, rivers, routes and other custom layers. Maps in vector format can be digitized, or drawn and edited using the mouse, by loading a scanned map (or a reproduction on a transparency) on the screen and tracing the boundaries with the mouse (heads-up digitizing).

156 PopMap Map Editor Drawing boundaries and assigning area names
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

157 Drawing Maps Both mouse and digitizer support large-scale maps with multiple screen / digitizer size pages, and multiple maps with different scales. Import and export map in AutoCAD format (DXF) and other popular mapping formats (Atlas BNA and MapInfo MIF formats) Produces thematic map outputs on any Windows printer and in most popular graphic file formats.

158 Cartographic work Design, maintenance and manipulation of census and survey geography Monitoring field work and data processing Data dissemination atlases maps on demand digital databases

159 Map Library Database of sketch maps supporting census or survey data collection administrative atlas small areas logistic enumeration areas administrative hierarchy Base maps for various uses, including census operations, survey design and use

160 Map Library: country map
Country Map: China by provinces Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

161 Map Library: province map
Province Map: Heilongjiang in North China (major routes and rivers) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

162 Map Library: province map
Province Map: Heilongjiang by districts Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

163 Map Library: district map
District Map: Harbin provincial capital Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

164 Map Library: city map City Map: Harbin Downtown base map by census blocks Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

165 Map Library: city map City Map: Harbin census blocks with public facilities Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

166 Map Library: enumeration area
Enumeration Area Map: Harbin census blocks Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

167 Types of Map Required National maps: small scale, major administrative areas Planimetric or topographic maps: relative large scale Major administrative areas maps: subdivisions, location of places City and town maps: large scale, road/streets, landmarks, ... Any other maps

168 Data conversion issue Conversion hard-copy to digital vector:
>50% of GIS budget $24G next 10 years Manual digitizing: most common form of coordinate data input

169 The Census Base Maps Good base maps are required for all parts of the country Collect base maps from all sources Topographic maps, if available, most reliable Urban area maps

170 Administrative base maps
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

171 Topographic maps Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

172 A Quarter of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

173 Delineation of EAs Total coverage Steps:
Obtain population and housing estimates Obtain population counts and location of special dwelling units Divide base maps into EAs and SAs Establish geographic code for EAs and SAs Reproduce copies for field work

174 Sketch map Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

175 EA delineation Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

176 Presentation Maps National map 1st, 2nd and 3rd order division maps
Urban and metropolitan areas maps Country by Provinces Province by Districts Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

177 Use of Computerized Maps
The 1990 round of censuses 1992 Zimbabwe census TIGER and the US Bureau of the Census Mexico Other countries PopMap experiences

178 Computerized Maps Databases
Document imaging system Raster based Advantage: quick implementation, easy, little training, reliable, high volume processing Disadvantage: static, not classified, limit on map editing, large storage

179 Computerized Maps Databases
GIS/Mapping Systems Vector based Advantage: easy editing, better mapping and spatial operation, less storage Disadvantage: require vectorization

180 Computerized Maps Databases Raster vs. Vector
Raster representation: cell by cell Vector Representation: points and lines

181 Data Conversion GIS worldwide market: $10G/year
>50% cost: conversion hard-copy to digital vector Data conversion cost $24G next 10 years Estimated Worldwide Cost of Data Conversion for the Next 10 Years (in billion dollars) 1995 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 1 2 3 4

182 Manual Digitizing Digitizing table Operator trace line
Streaming mode Manual mode Dot-to-dot connection

183 Heads-Up Digitizing Raster-scanned image on computer screen
Operator records coordinates from screen Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

184 Line Following Operator locates a section of line work
Computer follows line feature

185 Automated Vectorization
Operator set parameters Computer generate vector data from raster image

186 Raster to vector conversion
scanned paper map computer vector map Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

187 A Complementary Product of PopMap

188 MapScan: Procedure & Features
Scanning: scan paper map as raster image Pre-processing: edit raster image Area referencing: recognize reference text and their spatial coordinates Cleaning: additional raster image editing Vectorization: perform raster-to-vector conversion Post-processing: edit vector map

189 Paper Map Conversion

190 Preparation of Paper Maps
Mark or edit original: fix errors, close line gaps Make photocopy: reductions or enlargements Trace required lines on tracing paper overlay

191 Scanning lines too thick lines too thin acceptable line

192 Edit Raster Image Cut/erase items Draw items Correct line Copy Zoom
Rotation Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

193 Merge Raster Images Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

194 Area Referencing Specify reference text Perform OCR
Identify spatial location Eliminate recognized text Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

195 Line Thinning After thinning Before thinning
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

196 Line Extraction and Topology Reconstruction
Identify series entities that constitute line segment Determine adjacency relationships among line segments Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

197 Edit Vector Map: correcting and cleaning errors and topology
Connect lines Join lines Delete lines Rotate map Zoom Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

198 Edit Vector Map: Layer Assignment
Select line segment Assign layer attribute Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

199 Application for Cartographic Work
National and sub-division maps Large scale maps for EA delineation EA maps for data collection Combination of map conversion methods: Manual digitizing Heads-up digitizing Automatic vectorization

200 Application for Cartographic Work
Basic geographical databases with population, socio-economic, cultural and environmental indicators Sampling frame Cost effectiveness

201 Census Digital Cartography
Country Population: 10 million Division (10), department (200), district (1000) and EA (20000) Resource Staff: 5 groups of supervisors Equipment: 20 PCs, 5 digitizers, 5 scanners Time: 10 months Note: estimates based on a hypothetical example

202 PopMap Basics Application Spatial Data Attribute Data User Interface

203 PopMap Application For a specific geographical area with hierarchical structure of up to 7 levels Facilities: clinics, schools, community services, any point locations Other layers: roads, rivers, planning zones, any user-defined areas, and networks

204 PopMap for Windows Product of UNFPA/UNSD project
Integrated database with hierarchical administrative structure Working environment... database  spreadsheet graphing  mapping Open system tools for geographic database development data exchange with other systems

205 PopMap: Windows interface
Application window Map window Another Map Graph window Status Bar Worksheet window Toolbar Menu Bar Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

206 PopMap: Menu / Toolbar Toolbar Menu Bar

207 PopMap: Dialog Box Select item from drop-down list.
Check box to use the option. Check toggle box to use the alternative. Click OK when you are done. Item shown in selection box. Click button to see a different set of options. Click to restore default settings. Click Cancel to discard any changes.

208 PopMap: Application Window
Check box to select and load layer Browse administrative structure to select an area. List of geographic layers. Scroll to see a long list.

209 PopMap: Map Window Map window Themes list Scale Map
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

210 PopMap: Theme List Name of the theme. Check mark indicates that the
Theme legend. Check mark indicates that the theme is on. Name of the theme. Symbol used to draw theme’s features. Scroll to see a long Theme list.

211 PopMap: Key Points Inexpensive, sustainable technologies
Introduce/promote standards/guidelines for basic geographic databases For novice users explore geographic databases/GIS/mapping technologies For advanced users share and disseminate centralized information to a wider public

212 PopMap <==> GIS Database concept Simple data visualization
Wide range of users Easy to use Inexpensive Spatial analysis Complex planning/management problems GIS specialists More difficult to use More expensive

213 PopMap: Portability Import/export map file in AutoCAD .DXF, MapInfo .MIF, Atlas .BNA format Use generic DBF format, import/link external dBASE .DBF data files Include Excel compatible spreadsheet Produce outputs as graphics files in generic formats (.PCX, .TIF, .GIF, .JPG, etc.)

214 South-South collaboration
PopMap and MapScan software were developed with young experts from Algeria, Honduras and Viet Nam Nationals from Algeria, China, Ghana, Honduras, Iran, Sudan, Uganda and Viet Nam acted as trainers at regional and sub-regional training workshops

215 To contact us For information For copy of software and documents
Project “Computer Software and Support for Population Activities” phone: 1 (212) , fax: 1 (212) internet: and For copy of software and documents Director, United Nations Statistics Division New York, NY 10017, USA


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