“4G” TECHNOLOGY Presented By- Chetan Goyal ECE11004 School of Engineering & Technology RAFFLES University

CONTENTS  History  3G and Its Limitations  4G Concepts  Key Technologies  Benefits  Applications  Challenges  Conclusion

Mobile System Generations  First Generation (1G) mobile systems were designed to offer a single service, i.e., speech  Second Generation (2G) mobile systems were also designed primarily to offer speech with a limited capability to offer data at low rates.  Third Generation (3G) mobile systems offer high- quality multi-media services and operate in different environments.

Where are We?  Classic Wire line Switched Telephone Network US Universal coverage achieved early 1980’s  “Wireless” First Generation Analog Systems Speech, AMPS  Second Generation Digital Systems Enhanced Capacity CDMA, AMPS, TDMA, GSM GPRS, EDGE  Third Generation Systems “INTERNET” on Wireless Wi-Fi/ CDMA2000/WCDMA Evolution to All IP Network including VoIP

Achieved Till Now

Key Technologies of 3G  Bluetooth  Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.x standards) – Wi-Fi  Short range wireless communications  Highly utilized and very popular: offices, airports, coffee shops, universities and schools  Two basic modes of operations: -Ad-hoc networking: computers send data to one another -Access point: sending data to the base station

Key Mobility Services in 3G  Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS) Text, sounds, images, and video Transition from Short Message Service (SMS) Open Internet standards for messaging  Web Applications Information portals Wireless Markup Language (WML) with signals using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)  Location Communications Services Location Awareness Based

Limitations of 3G  Difficulty of CDMA to provide higher data rates  Need for continuously increasing data rate and bandwidth to meet the multimedia requirements  Limitation of spectrum and it’s allocation  Inability to roam between different services  To provide a seamless transport end-to-end Mechanism  To introduce a better system with reduces cost  Limitation to meet expectations of applications like multimedia, full motion video, wireless teleconferencing.

Key 3G and 4G Parameters Attributes 3G 4G Major Characteristic Predominantly voice- data as add-on Converged data and VoIP Network Architecture Wide area Cell based Hybrid – integration of Wireless Lan (Wi-Fi), Blue Tooth, Wide Area Frequency Band GHz2 – 8 GHz Bandwidth 5 – 20 MHz100+ MHz Data Rate385 Kbps - 2 Mbps20 – 100 Mbps AccessWCDMA/CDMA2000MC-CDMA or OFDM SwitchingCircuit/PacketPacket IPMultiple versionsAll IP (IPv6.0) Operational~2003~2010

4G – what it is ?  4G = 4th Generation mobile communication  A 4G system provides an end-to-end IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be served to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at higher data rates than previous generations  Data rates (with wide area coverage and significant mobility) = 50 to 100 Mbps.  Wider bandwidth  End-to-end Quality of service  High security  Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere

Key 4G Mobility Concepts  Mobile IP VoIP Ability to move around with the same IP address IP tunnels Intelligent Internet  Presence Awareness Technology Knowing who is on line and where  Radio Router Bringing IP to the base station  Smart Antennas Unique spatial metric for each transmission

IP Tunnelling in 4G

4G Features  Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services.  High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.  Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks.  Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.  Better scheduling and call admission control techniques.  Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.

4G Characteristics 4G can support high-speed (up to 100Mbps), but high-speed is not 4G.

Drivers for adopting 4G  Opportunity for bundling with other services  Reducing operational costs (OPEX)  Introducing new applications and services  Competition pressures  Consolidating number of networks  Multi-play devices available in the markets  Multiple terminals  Smart simplicity  Outstanding performance

Broad trends - enabled by 4G networks  Growing mass: 4G will allow the mass- market take-up of such activities as video sharing, multimedia exchanges, and real- time and remote collaboration with very high quality of experience (QOE).  Going virtual: Change in human behavior. today, many are using networked alternatives and extensions, such as Wikipedia and Flickr -like sites  Going social: Social networks have grown very rapidly on the basis of wire line networks growth, and also introduce an element of going from one-to-one communications to one-to-many and many- to-many.  Going personal: Making services more personalized. 4G mobile network, tied to the applications that can be deployed through the combination of high speeds and low latencies to provide very personalized experiences

Benefits of 4G  Convergence of Cellular Mobile Networks and WLANs Benefits for Operators Higher bandwidths, Lower cost of networks and equipment higher revenue. Users Access to broadband multimedia services with lower cost and here  Convergence of Mobile Communication and Broadcasting Benefits for Operators Cellular operators will benefit from offering their customers a range of new broadband multi-media services in vehicular environments. Users Users will benefit from faster access to a range of broadband multi-media services.

Applications of 4G  Virtual Presence  Virtual navigation  Tele-geo processing applications  Tele-Medicine and Education  Crisis management  Multimedia– Video Services

Key Challenges to 4G  No large user community for advanced mobile data applications.  Not possible to offer full internet experience due to limited speed and bandwidth  Comparatively higher cost to use and deploy infrastructure  Since 3G mobile is still in the market, it squeezes the market competition in the mobile industry.  Coverage limitations due to high frequencies (> 5 GHz)  Improved User interfaces  Advanced Speech recognition and synthesis

Conclusion  Mobile Intelligent Internet and multi media applications  Seamless Roaming, substantially high and selectable user bandwidth, customized QoS, Intelligent and responsive user interface  Mobile IP, Radio Routers, smart Antennas  Continued advances and challenges from 1G -> 4G  Modulation techniques, transreceiver advances,  fast manipulations, user interfaces, IP tunelling and firewalls  Spectrum usage, regulatory decisions, “one” standard, authentication and security, multi disciplinary co-operation  IP + WPAN + WLAN + WMAN + WWAN = 4G

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