Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris.

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Transcription de la présentation:

Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

Introduction Wide topics, numerous books Chronological scale Distance and emotional involvement Three moments in the European society: -charity -assistance -social welfare policy

Introduction 2 Answer to the Industrial revolution and to new social problems But poverty, marginality dates back to … Individual and couples have never been without any community or institutional relief

Introduction 3 Three parts: 1- The example of Portuguese Misericordias 2- Christian charity and Philanthropic proposals 3- Assistance and social Welfare policy

I. Portuguese Misericordias Created at the beginning of the 16th century The first assistance institution in Europe from a royal central state.

Misericórdias ( ) By Laurinda Abreu Ribeira Grande Corpo Santo Lajes do Pico Empire Vila Nova de Cerveira Vila Verde dos Francos Arcos de Valdevez Santar Ponte da Barca Fão Esposende Vinhais Vimioso Algoso Alfândega da Fé Torre de Moncorvo Armamar Aguiar da Beira Arouca Vouzela Pinhel Penalva do Castelo Alcantarilha Fornos de Algodres Mangualde Seia Manteigas Belmonte Sortelha Santa Comba Dão Alpedrinha Vilar Maior Penamacor Tentúgal Gois Proença-a-Velha Monsanto Soure Vila Nova de Anços Abiul Louriçal Pedrógão Pequeno Sarzedas Idanha-a-Nova Salvaterra do Extremo Segura Rosmaninhal Maiorga Alpalão CelaTancos BelverEsporão Peniche Alvorninha Pemes Chamusca Asseiceira Lourinhã Alcanede Erra Salvaterra de Magos Alverca Arruda dos Vinhos Cabrela Coina Cano Colares Canha Atalaia Azeitão Cabeção Arez Viana do Alentejo Santiago do Cacém Carvão Colos Alcantarilha Mexilhoeira Grande Estômbar Envendos Faro Portimão

I. Portuguese Misericordias Süssmilch analysis of the vulnerability (1757): « Le gain de tous ceux qui travaillent pour un salaire stable est diminué de moitié lorsque le prix du pain double. Ainsi, celui qui gagnait 4 groschen par jour, nen gagne en fait plus que 2 puisquil doit payer le pain, sa principale nourriture, à un prix encore une fois plus élevé. Celui qui auparavant na rien eu de plus que de leau, du pain et un peu de légumes ; celui qui a dépensé autant que son revenu pour se procurer le bois et les vêtements nécessaires pour lhiver, se trouve soudain jeté dans un grand embarras et une grande détresse. …

I. Portuguese Misericordias …Sil a en outre une femme et plusieurs enfants à entretenir, sa misère en est augmentée. Viennent alors le souci, un accablement dévorant, la faim, le dénuement et le froid. Toutes choses et conséquences extrêmement nuisibles à la santé. La nourriture a déjà été mauvaise et à peine suffisante pour donner à un corps épuisé les forces requises pour le travail. La voilà à présent encore plus insuffisante. Sy ajoutent le dénuement et le froid ; ainsi, la faiblesse saccélère, faisant le terrain propice aux maladies chez les enfants et les adultes. Un petit coup de pouce renverse aussitôt la personne. Où trouver alors expédients et secours, lorsque celui qui na pas même de pain tombe malade ? »

I. Portuguese Misericordias Maintaining the social order and christian values Implementing the Royal power Considering population as an investment

II. Christian charity and philanthropist ideology Wagrancy question : repression and prevention Philanthropists criticized The Catholic Church and the Hôpitaux Généraux New choices to avoid poor falling in wagrancy Houserelief, family focused To receive help means also you have duties

II. Christian charity and philanthropist ideology The assistance is organized according to a new political ideology of the community Social and national cohesion A new philisophy to the other, and to the whole Humanity To protect the dignity of the citizen

III. Assistance and social welfare policy Opposition between assistance and social welfare policy? Europe 19th century : social laws But also compulsory assistances Assistance inside the Social security systems

III. Assistance and social welfare policy 2 How to consider assistance? Social cohesion Regulation of social inequalities Human dignity protection (minimalist)

III. Assistance and social welfare policy 3 Assistance to protect integrable populations more than excluded ones. Space for ONG and charity intervention. How to conciliate individual freedom, equality de jure, inequality de facto. How to balance individual rights and duties.

III. Conclusion Still the logic of the Philanthropist assistance? The values of the social assistance has changed. The assistance policy as an observatory.

MERCI !