Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II The Implementation of Integrated Land and Ecosystem Accounts in Europe 1. Land cover accounts MEDSTAT II WORKSHOP – Economic environment approaches Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 Jean-Louis Weber EEA

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Background and Overview There is a growing demand for spatially explicit indicators for to support policies for –nature, –regional development, –agriculture, –transport, –coastal management …

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Background and Overview Supported by Eurostat, the EEA has carried out the feasibility study of land cover accounts, in the continuation of the pioneer work at UNECE in the 1990’s and part of the development of the SEEA2003. With Corine land cover, the EEA has published a first set of accounts for 24 countries. EEA has demonstrated that at European scales land accounts can be constructed in ways that are: –Conceptually robust –Capable of being maintained ‘operationally’; and –‘Fit for purpose’, in both the scientific and policy arenas The work also provides an important platform for future developments in relation to: –The construction of integrated ecosystem accounts –Making sustainability impact assessments –Modelling and scenario development

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II The Story so far..

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Land Accounts and Sustainability Do gains compensate for losses? Loss of stock e.g. by deforestation Gain in stock e.g. by afforestation Has the quality of the stock been maintained?

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Environmental accounting: 5 key policy questions 1.Cost of environmental protection  the “burden” issue –Cost for public budgets: financing of protection (incl. administration and research) –Cost for companies: effects on economic competitiveness 2.Environmental performance of the economy  the “decoupling” issue –Compliance to national emission standards, respect of international conventions –Distances to targets, economic and technological options –Use of scarce resource –Sustainability of consumption patterns

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Environmental accounting: 5 key policy questions 3.Cost of insufficient environmental protection  the “externalities” issue –Depletion of renewable resources (forest, fisheries, water…) –Degradation of natural assets (forests, fisheries, soil, water, ecosystems…) –Impacts on human health and well being –Costs of remediation (instead of protection…) 4.Assessment of policies  the “effectiveness/efficiency” issue –Efficiency/effectiveness of environmental policies and instruments –Efficiency/effectiveness of environmental sector policies (agriculture, transport…) –Environmental impact assessment of social and economic policies –Incorporation of environmental concerns in the multiple levels of public and private decision- making (participation, awareness, corporate accounting)

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Environmental accounting: 5 key policy questions 5.Conservation of comparative advantages  the “natural capital” issue –Reserves (ownership, access, operation) –Economic rents on natural resources (depletion…) –Viability of living/cycling natural capital, continuity of ecosystem services –Adaptability to change (global market, climate change, technology)

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Accounting for Stocks & Flows

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Accounting for Stocks & Flows Land use accounts and Ecosystem accounts Land use accounts and Ecosystem accounts Basic land cover stocks and flows accounts

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Data infrastructures CORINE Land Cover 1990 and 2000 Enables us to map stock and change… … and to construct stock and flow accounts …and to report them using a range of different geographical frameworks

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Data infrastructures Smallest mapping unit for stock 25ha Change mapped at 5ha Smallest mapping unit for stock 25ha Change mapped at 5ha

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II The approach used to generate the LEAC record for stock

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Stock and change A stock and change account for European land cover, 24 countries, Hierarchical classification of land cover, 44 classes at most detailed level Stocks 1990 & 2000, Formation and consumption of land cover, Net change and rates of Turnover

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Stock and change A stock and change account for European land cover, 24 countries, Hierarchical classification of land cover, 44 classes at most detailed level Stocks 1990 & 2000, Formation and consumption of land cover, Net change and rates of Turnover

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Summary indicators

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II From changes to flows LCF3 LCF1 LCF2 LCF5 LCF4 LCF7 LCF6 LCF8 Change Matrix (44x43=1932 possible changes) summarized into flows LCF

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Flow accounts A flow account describing processes of land cover change in Europe, 24 countries, A flow account describing processes of land cover change in Europe, 24 countries, Hierarchical classification of land cover, 44 classes at most detailed level Hierarchical classification of flows ~the processes of land cover change…

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Artificial land uptake

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Comparison of artificial land uptake by countries

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Mapping flows Patterns of urban sprawl across Europe, 24 countries, , 1km x 1km grid Patterns of urban sprawl across Europe, 24 countries, , 1km x 1km grid

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Mapping flows: urban sprawl, by grid

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Mapping flows: urban sprawl, by regions Intensity of urban sprawl, , by NUTS 2/3 region; sprawl is now expressed on a unit area basis Intensity of urban sprawl, , by NUTS 2/3 region; sprawl is now expressed on a unit area basis

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Main change in land use by agriculture

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Extension of forest territory by creation or removal of farming

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Mapping & analysing flows Data held on a standardised 1km x 1km Europe wide grid which enables construction of a different ‘zonal accounts’ including those for: Regions Biogeographical zones Mountain areas Coastal zones Major sea basins Dominant landscape types… Data held on a standardised 1km x 1km Europe wide grid which enables construction of a different ‘zonal accounts’ including those for: Regions Biogeographical zones Mountain areas Coastal zones Major sea basins Dominant landscape types… e.g Dominant Landscape Types

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II And out of Europa…

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II Diachronic analysis and land cover account in Burkina Faso Gabriel JAFFRAIN – IGNFI MOB

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II 1 –Territoires artificialisés 11 Zones urbanisées 111 Tissu urbain continu 112 Tissu urbain discontinu 113 Habitat rural 12- Zones industrielles ou commerciales et réseau de communication 121 Zones industrielles, commerciales et socio collectives 122 Réseaux routiers et ferroviaires et espaces associés 123 Zones portuaires 124 Aéroports 13 - Mines, décharges et chantiers 131 Extraction de matériaux 132 Décharges 133 Chantiers et espace en construction 14 - Espaces verts artificialisés non agricoles 141 Espaces verts urbains 142 Équipements sportifs et de loisirs NOMENCLATURE ©BDOT 2 –Territoires agricoles 21 Cultures annuelles 211 Cultures pluviales 212 Périmètres irrigués 213 Rizières 22 Cultures permanentes 221 Plantation agricole 222 Vergers 23 Prairies 24 Zones agricoles hétérogènes 241 Cultures annuelles associés aux cultures permanentes 242 Systèmes culturaux et parcellaires complexes 243 Territoires principalement occupés par l’agriculture, avec présence d’espaces naturels importants 244 Territoire agroforestier 3 Forêts et milieux semi- naturels 31- Forêts 311 Forêts dense 312 Forêt claire 313 Forêt galerie 314 Plantation forestière 32- Milieux à végétation arbustive et ou herbacée 321 Savanes 3211 Savane herbeuse 3212 Savane arbustive 3213 Savane arborée 322 Fourrés 33 - Espaces ouverts sans ou avec peu de végétation 331 dunes et sables 332 Roches nus 333 Végétation clairsemée 3331 Steppe herbeuse 3332 Steppes arbustive 3333 Steppe arborée 3334 Autre végétation clairsemée 334 Zones incendiées 335 Sols nus (érodés, dénudés, cuirasses, etc.) 4 Zones humides 41 - Zones humides intérieures 411 Marais intérieurs 412 Prairies marécageuses 413 Prairies aquatiques 5 Surfaces en eau 51-Eau continentale 511 Cours et voies d’eau permanents 512 Plans d’eau 5121 plan d'eau naturel 5122 Plan d'eau artificiel 513 Cours et voies d'eau temporaire Some specific adaptation FOREST SAVANNAH STEPPE WATER BODIES BARE SOIL

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II EXTENSION OF THE AGRICULTURE AREA ….over the savannah and steppe (lcf 513, 514, lcf522, lcf521) Lcf513: Intensive conversion of trees/shrubs formation into agriculture area (21/22/242) in BDOT. This concerns trees/shrubs Lcf 521 Intensive conversion of semi natural spaces into agriculture fields. This concerns herbaceous steppes and savannah and other semi naturals spaces

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II EXTENSION OF THE AGRICULTURE AREA ….over the savannah and steppe (lcf 513, 514, lcf522, lcf521) Lcf513: Intensive conversion of trees/shrubs formation into agriculture area (21/22/242) in BDOT. This concerns trees/shrubs Lcf 521 Intensive conversion of semi natural spaces into agriculture fields. This concerns herbaceous steppes and savannah and other semi naturals spaces

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II EXTENSION OF FALLOW LAND Lcf 411, 412, Lcf471 Lcf 61 and Lcf62 Lcf411 Ce flux correspond à l’ensemble des cultures annuelles et permanentes devenues des savanes et steppes herbeuses et arbustives. Lcf61 : Ce flux correspond à l’ensemble des cultures annuelles et permanentes devenues forêts/ des savanes et steppes arborées. Lcf62 Ce flux correspond à l’ensemble des cultures annuelles et permanentes devenues des formations naturelles autres que les formations naturelles précédemment décrites. Lcf412 : Ce flux correspond à l’ensemble des cultures annuelles et permanentes devenues des espaces agricoles hétérogènes avec une mise en jachère fragmentée de l’espace (243). Lcf471 : Ce flux correspond à l’ensemble des cultures annuelles et permanentes devenues des espaces agricoles de type agro-forestier (244) 4,3% are abandoned temporally or permanently over 10 years => need to monitor more frequently this change of land cover

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II What happened within the protected area during the decade ? ANALYSIS OF PROTECTED PERIMETERS

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II The protected forest of Dida (83407,6 ha) Etat 1992 État 2002 changements ANALYSIS OF PROTECTED PERIMETERS

Luxembourg, 5-9 February 2007 MEDSTAT II The protected forest of Dida (83407,6 ha) Etat 1992 État 2002 changements Postes BDOT Dida 1992 (ha) Représentativité % 10, ,60, ,44, ,011, ,883,7 3327,70,0 5 TOTAL83407,6100,0 Postes BDOT Dida 2002 (ha) Représentativité % 100, ,78, ,326, ,211, ,454,0 3341,90,1 50,0 TOTAL83407,6100,0 Forest of Dida is subject to a strong pressure. Around 30 % of the total area was moved to agriculture area in 10 Years. That is to say a surface of ha ANALYSIS OF PROTECTED PERIMETERS