Software Development and Recent Technological Innovations for Geographical and Statistical Applications for Population Activities... the United Nations Statistics Division experience by Vu Duy Man and Patrick Gerland

Introduction Papier préparé pour la “First International Health Geographics” conférence organisée par John Hopkins University, Baltimore, 16-18 Octobre 1998. Applications des SIGs dans le domaine de la santé et du développement international. Développements récents en matière d’atlas électroniques et de base de données géographiques pour la santé et les activités de population. Revue de différentes stratégies avec attention particulière à l’expérience de la Division des Statistiques de l’ONU

Les bases de données géographiques et les systèmes d’information géographiques (SIG)... …une forme particulière de système d’information appliqué aux données référencées géographiquement

Les systèmes d’information géographiques et leur définition Système : un groupe d’entités et d’activités connectées qui interagissent dans un but commun. Système d’information : un ensemble de processus appliqués sur des données brutes qui produit de l’information pouvant être utile pour prendre des décisions. Système d’information géographique (SIG) : utilise des données référencées géographiquement ainsi que des données non-spatiales, et des opérations d’analyse spatiale.

Qu’est ce qu’un SIG? un système d’équipement, de logiciels et de procédures conçu pour assister la saisie, la gestion, la manipulation, l’analyse, la modélisation et l’affichage de données référencées spatialement pour résoudre des problèmes complexes, planifier et gérer.

Les données spatiales Ce sont des objets ou des entités qui sont référencés par leur emplacement Les éléments cartographiques Zones Lignes Points Les couches Unités administratives Services Autres couches Coordonnées latitude / longitude ou adresse des rues

Les couches Points Lignes Zones Villes, Villages Routes, Voies Ferrées Pays Hopitaux Rues de ville Ilots de recensement Ecoles Rivières Districts de santé Aéroports Canalisation d’eau, egouts et sanitation Zones de planification Entrepots Lignes électriques, téléphoniques Contour des immeubles

Les données spatiales et les caractéristiques des données sont liées ensemble... Districts de recensement 305 306 304 303 302 Id Pop Ménage 305 20,838 5,934 306 74,293 21,893 ... Hopitaux 154 156 157 160 155 158 159 Id Type Personnel 156 RPH 17 157 General 47 ...

Les couches de données Les données sont organisées Rivières Les données sont organisées en couches avec l’espace comme système d’indexation en commun + Habitats + Unités Admin. Grille de Référence Longitude Latitude

Les données caractéristiques Ce sont des données qui sont liées à des objets spatiaux Données de recensement par unités administratives Titres de proprietés de parcelles foncières Caractéristiques du sol ou de la végétation Registres de santé par centres médicaux Information sur la qualité du réseau routier

Pourquoi les SIGs sont importants ? Ils intégrent des informations spatiales et d’autres types Ils fournissent un cadre d’analyse logique pour des données référencées geographiquement Ils offrent de nouvelles et puissantes façons de manipuler et afficher des données Ils permettent de voir et analyser des données selon leurs proximités et leurs relations spatiales

Explorer des relations A partir de l’emplacement géographique et la proximité, les SIGs permettent d’établir des liens entre activités : Examiner des données géographiquement permet souvent de suggérer de nouvelles relations et explications Ces relations sont souvent inconnues ou ignorer sans l’aide d’un SIG, mais peuvent être vitales à la compréhension et la gestion des activités et ressources Par exemple, il est possible d’établir un lien entre sources de pollution et distributions de maladies

En combinant des jeux de données l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l Sources de pollution Cas de Leucemie

L’information au sujet du “où” permet de combiner des ensembles de données hétérogènes

Les possibilités analytiques des SIGs à l’aide de requêtes choisir des éléments à l’aide de leurs caractéristiques : “Trouver tous les districts avec taux d’alphabétisation < 60” choisir des éléments selon leurs relations géographiques : “Trouver toutes les cliniques de planning familial à l’intérieur de ce district” combiner les requêtes géographiques et statistiques : “Trouver tous les villages à moins de 10km d’un centre de santé qui as un taux de mortalité infantile élevé”

Les possibilités analytiques (2) tampon: trouver tous les habitations à plus de 10km d’un centre de santé opérations point-dans-polygone: identifier tous les villages à l’intérieur de zone de vegetation superposition de polygones: combiner des registres administratifs avec des données de district sanitaires géocodage/recherche d’adresses: joinder une liste d’adresse avec une carte des rues opérations de réseaux: trouver le chemin le plus court entre un village et un hopital

Les possibilités analytiques (3) modélisation: identifier ou prédire un processus qui a crée (ou va créer) une certaine distribution spatiale diffusion: comment cette épidemie se répand dans cette province? interaction: où est-ce que les gens émigrent t-ils? scénarios “et si?”: si le barrage est construit, combien de personnes seront déplacées (étude d’impact, etc.)

SIGs dans la planification et l’analyse des politiques Saisie des données Monde Réel Sources de données Prise de décision Entrée des données Gestion des données Usagers information pour la prise de décision Analyse Extraction des données, manipulation

Applications pour les activitiesde population Opérations de recensements Systèmes d’information Analyse spatiale Conception et réalisation d’enquêtes

L’évolution logicielle Intégration entre cartographie thématique, tableur, illustration et présentation graphique, et PAO. Uniformisation des interfaces utilisateurs (Windows) Diffusion des outils bureautiques Nouvelles générations de tableur et bases de données, scripts et VBA, OLE, DLL, VBX, ... Internet, navigateurs, libraries et composants Java et ActiveX Interconnectivité, accès, partage et utilisation de resources et données dispersées

Etat actuel de la question “haut de gamme”: intégration des SIG avec la télédétection interopérabilité (standards SIGs ouverts) analyse spatiale avancée visualization scientifique archivage de données spatiales dans des SGBDs standards

Etat actuel de la question “bas de gamme”: essort de la cartographie thématique/bureautique fournisseurs de données commerciales Système de Positionnement Global (GPS) compléments cartographiques des tableurs bibliothèques de cartes numériques (en-ligne) accès aux données spatiales par l’Internet

Les challenges des SIGs Qui sont les usagers ? Quels sont les bénéfices attendus comparés à la situation actuelle ? Combien de temps sera nécessaire pour la mise en place ? Quels sont les compétences locales ? Dans quelle mesure l’activité est durable en terme de formation, création et gestion de la base de donnée ?

Les challenges (2) Quel est l’engagement institutionel ? Quelle sont les formes de coordination et d’échanges possibles avec les autres producteurs et utilisateurs de données ? Quel est le coùt en terme d’équipement, logiciels, personnel, temps et espace ?

Les challenges (3) Standardisation des formats de données, conventions géographiques et de systèmes de coordonnées, classifications et nomemclatures communes Absence de marché commercial pour les données et fonds de cartes Les données et fonds cartographiques sont souvent incomplet,périmé et dans la majorité des cas disponibles seulement sur papier

Les challenges (4) Travail massif de conversion de fonds de carte papier en format numérique : tracé manuel, semi-automatique ou vectorization Création et gestion de base de données numériques nationales, régionales et locales Coùt réduit, simplicité d’usage et autonomie Diffusion lente et limitée dans le secteur socio-économique dans les pays en développement

Les challenges (5) Manque d’information et de prise de conscience de la valeur ajoutée par la prise en compte de la dimension spatialle Manque de personnel qualifié pour mettre en place le système, organiser les données et utiliser les logiciels Manque de ressources, et dépendance de financement extérieurs Transfer de connaissance et de l’expérience

Quelques stratégies SIG et cartographie thématique cout, organisation et complexité de mise en place deployement du niveau approprié aux compétences et ressources locales Atlas multimédia, atlas en-ligne et visionneuses hypernavigation, interactivité, visualisation systèmes fermés, visionneuses plutot qu’outils analytiques, importation/exportation limitée

Quelques strátégies (2) Atlas électroniques nationaux et locaux : atlas “statiques”: affichage seulement (linéaire ou structuré: multimedia et page webs) atlas “interactifs” : audience plus informatisée, possibilité de manipuler l’information, les vues sont générées dynamiquement en interaction avec l’utilisateur atlas “analytiques” : requêtes, recherches, manipulation de l’information, calculs et intégration de données et de cartes extérieures

Atlas électroniques Ensemble structuré de cartes, données, illustrations, tables, textes et éventuellement d’élements multimédias. Principaux avantages: niveaux multiples d’aggrégation géographique liens dynamiques entre les données et les fonds cartographiques moyen facile et convivial, portable, standardisé, et peu couteux de diffusion infinité de vues interactives et accès interactifs

Atlas électroniques (2) Ajouter une plus-value à l’information Diffuser des données Améliorer la présentation, la compréhension et la signification des données Voir des tendances et des relations Produire de nouvelles connaissances Evaluer le succès ou l’impact de politiques Prendre de meilleures décisions

Information requise Fonds de carte avec les divisions administratives Données de recensement et données administratives, statistiques sanitaires, sélection d’indicateurs, tableaux de données, profils descriptifs Statistiques et information sur les services communautaires, villes et villages

Base de données existantes Nombre grandissant de jeux de données numériques dans le domaine publique DCW, ArcWorld, ArcAtlas, etc. Global Demography project, Africa Data Sampler, African/Asian/Latin American Population Databases USGS, CIESIN, WHO/UNICEF, UNSD Gazette numériques (DMA) et GPS

Développeurs et usagers Naviger et diffuser Durabilité et autonomie Utilisation des compétence locales Rotation du personnel Assistance et formation limitée Conception et mise en place d’abord d’un système simple, avec possibilité de migrer ultérieurement si nécessaire.

INT/96/P74/WWW Computer Software and Support for Population Activities Project A UNFPA inter-regional project Statistics Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations, New York.

Contents Project Objectives Overview Applications Geographic Population Databases Electronic Atlases Presentation, Visualization Analysis Research Global information systems Time-series Evaluation and Planning Management Support and Monitoring Support MIS for RH/FP and other community facilities and services Support to Decision-Making Key Benefits and Use for population activities Audience and Beneficiaries PopMap Requirements Training and national capacity building PopMap Software Overview Retrieval and Browsing features Spreadsheet Charts Thematic Mapping Information Retrieval and Data Browsing Users Data and PopMap Development Tools PopMap for Windows: interface PopMap Basic Concepts and Key Points Drawing Maps and Cartographic work Computerized Map Library Data conversion issue Manual Digitizing Heads-Up Digitizing Line Following Automated Vectorization MapScan: Procedure and Features Applications for Cartographic Work Geographic databases and Geographic Information System (GIS) Why is it important? To contact us

PopMap Information and Decision Support System for Population Activities Computer Software and Support for Population Activities Project Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations, New York, U.S.A. The development of PopMap has been funded by the United Nations Population Fund to support statistical development in developing countries.

PopMap: an overview PopMap is an Interactive Information and Decision Support System that allows end-users, professionals and organizations to store, display and analyse population data. PopMap has applications at the international, national, regional and local levels, and can be used for all types of population activities.

What is PopMap ? An integrated software with: ... capabilities geographical database database editor map editor spreadsheet facilities statistical charts thematic mapping ... capabilities The software provides maps and graphics database support for planning and administration of population activities with important geographical or logistical context, or for facilitating geographical or graphical expression of population indicators and related data.

Integrated geographic What is PopMap? Area Map Integrated geographic database system Data . Retrieval . Organizer Aggregate Data Map & Graphics . Development . Presentation Logistics Data

What is PopMap ? Emphasis on statistical database development for sub-national applications and program support PopMap provides the basic elements to develop a simple, but useful geographical information system for thematic and interpretative analysis and presentation - as well as information and decision support system for population activities.

PopMap for Windows Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

What can PopMap do ? Create, maintain, consult and disseminate a geographical database with multidisciplinary statistics, map features and community-based facilities. Link statistical data and facility information with map locations and features. Retrieve, analyze, manipulate and visualize spatial information and data in a worksheet environment, with statistical graphs and maps.

Questions PopMap can answer What is at... ? What is at this location? How many people are there? Where is it ? Where are the clinics with more than 50 beds? Which districts have high mortality? What has changed since... ? What are the regions where the infant mortality has decreased the most during the last decade? What spatial patterns exist ? Is high fertility caused by lack of access to family planning services? What is the relation between infant mortality and RH/FP services? What if... ? What is the impact on the community if a new school or clinic is opened? What is the urbanization impact on the environment?

Use in planning and policy analysis data collection Data sources Real world take action Data management data input Users information for decision making Analysis data retrieval, manipulation

Data structure Topics Administrative areas Facilities Other layers Static Dynamic / Time References Facilities Types / Attributes Other layers

Applications of PopMap for population activities Map library, census operations, survey design and use Information Systems and population geographical database Electronic atlas for data dissemination Presentation, visualization, research and spatial analysis Evaluation and planning Inventory, management support and monitoring Logistic, decision-making

Geographic Population Databases Population programmes Statistical Offices Management Information Systems Health, epidemiology, MCH, family planning and RH Social affairs: poverty, disabilities, women status Education, labour force, manpower and employment Housing infrastructure and conditions Development planning Transportation network Agriculture and environment Economic activities, industries and services

Electronic Atlas for data dissemination Contents statistical indicators, tables, texts maps, charts, pictures, community services Geographical coverage Time Series User-friendly interface and easy to use Dynamic view: global overview, special focus or area/topic profiles Interactivity and portability

Census atlases Improve presentation, enhance understanding and meaning of data Disseminate data to large number of users Provide platform for multi-sectoral databases with time series Guide for development planning and statistical work

Examples Zimbabwe 1992 census: province (10), district (81); about 90 indicators Madagascar 1993 census: province (6), district (111), commune (1242); more than 140 indicators Uganda 1991 census: district (38), county (163), sub-county (809); about 40 indicators; atlases of districts

Uganda: Zimbabwe: Iganga: Orphanhood Muslim population Household with electricity Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Madagascar 1993 census Literacy rate Population density Percentage of household with running water Antananarivo province Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Use for education programme Fianarantsoa province: Student/teacher ratio Soavinandriana district: Literacy rate and distribution of schools Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Uganda Census Atlas Contents Coverage population age groups marital status religion education orphanhood housing and household conditions Coverage national, district (38), county (163), sub-county (809) 1969,1980, 1991 203 maps, 15 pictures, 900 tables, 41 indicators for 1011 areas, 39 profiles

PopMap Retrieval System Use the Retrieval System to disseminate the electronic atlas

1. Select Active Area Geographical area selection: country (Uganda) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

2. Select Retrieval Level Level of data retrieval for the active area (country): County Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

3. Select Area Statistics Type of data to retrieve: for areas or individual facilities Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

4. Select Variables Create an output with one or several variables Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

5. Execute the Query Create an output with one or several variables Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

6. Retrieve Data Use the built-in Spreadsheet or Thematic Mapping

7. Map a Variable Select the variable to map from the retrieved data Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

8. Get the Thematic Map Population density by county from the Uganda 1991 census Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

9. Create another map Female literacy by county from the Uganda 1991 census Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

10. Zoom-in Focus on one specific area and get an enlarged view Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

11. Get some Data for a Location Display in a window the list of information available Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

12. Display Textual Information Select a topic on the list, and get the profile or the table

13. Focus on a District Select a sub-national area: Jinja district by sub-county (Uganda) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

14. Work at Municipality Level Jinja county by enumeration areas in Uganda Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

15. Get Data and Create Maps Female literacy by enumeration areas in Jinja county (Uganda) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Presentation, Visualization, Research and Analysis Population statistical publications Spatial distribution analysis and relationship Patterns and trends research and detection ... using maps, graphics and spreadsheet display

Forms of data presentation Text and number Chart Map: shows the geographic dimension of the data Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Presentation and visualization Population, housing and agriculture censuses and surveys Vital and civil registration Administrative records health education public services

Population distribution Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Population Density Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Population Growth Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Urbanization Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Rural development and farming Viet Nam province by communes Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Migration and gender studies Sex Ratio and Persons Born Elsewhere Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Literacy Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Literacy Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Illiteracy Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Illiteracy Madagascar Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Fertility Total Fertility Rate and Average Number of Children per Woman Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Health and Family Planning Contraceptive Prevalence Rate Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Life Expectancy at birth Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

AIDS, Mortality & Orphanhood Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

AIDS, Mortality & Orphanhood Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Cities and urbanization Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Analysis Spatial distribution relationship Patterns detection Selective retrieval example: UNDP human development index

UNDP HDI: literacy rate Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

UNDP HDI: years of schooling Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

UNDP HDI: education attainment Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

UNDP HDI: life expectancy Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

UNDP HDI: income (GDP) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

UNDP Human Development Index Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Research Time series Trends Patterns example: infant mortality rate study

Global information systems Time-series of socio-economic, demographic, cultural and environmental indicators Example: PRED Bank, UN Population Division study: relationships between population impact and land use in rural areas data: economy, agriculture, population, soil status, climate, water resource; 60s-90s scope: 138 countries & major geographical regions in developing world

Time-series 1950 1960 1980 1990 Changes in infant mortality rates over 40-year period (1950-1990) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Focus on Africa: IMR 1990 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Country profile: IMR 1985 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Evaluation and Planning Locational decisions and management health family planning education facilities in relation with: social demographic economic ... variables To implement integrated development policies

Hospitals and Population Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Clinics and Family Planning Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Locate community services Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Management Support and Monitoring ... with maps showing locations of schools, clinic, family planning centres wells, community-based services, etc. Population Programmes Graphical analysis Follow-up activities Training support ... for field operation staff and others.

Reproductive Health Contraceptive Prevalence Rate Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Support MIS for RH/FP and other services Focus of program at community level Planning, monitoring, evaluation Merging of MIS and geographical databases Decision support based on: population coverage, accessibility, costs, service efficiency, service areas, priority zones, sites location/staffing, quality of care

MIS for RH/FP: Examples Tanzania: the USAID Evaluation project tracking FP activities against population and CPR; inventory of surveyed facilities. Syria: Ministry of Health project on MIS for RH/FP Malaysia: FP Associations monitoring programmes, services and activities

MIS for RH/FP: Malaysia Selangor Perak Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

MIS for RH/FP: Examples Indonesia BKKBN monitoring, analysis and evaluation of FP and Welfare Family programmes application at national and district offices Dominican Republic Health Atlas Pakistan FP service delivery point distribution maps

Focus at the province level Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Get information for a clinic Indonesia Jawa Barat province Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Services: access and quality Contraceptive use by village Natural features and infrastructure Family planning service delivery points Bali, Indonesia Denpasar district Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Access data and produce statistics on Service Delivery Points Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Support to Decision-Making Logistic and identification tools for: Services areas mapping Sites selection and staffing Potential and optimum sites location Physical constraints imposed by communication and transportation facilities housing and demographic needs sanitary conditions

Identify service areas Integrated data analysis: Madagascar sample - Census data - Road network - FP SDP Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Identify Health Centers Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Identify New Acceptors Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Primary Education: Resources Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Primary Education: Access Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Who can benefit of PopMap ? Statistical offices Family planning programmes Planners and analysts Programme officers and managers Decision-makers and policy-makers Researchers and training institutions IEC projects

PopMap Audience and beneficiaries Statistical offices censuses and surveys cartographic work field work monitoring result presentation and dissemination of national and or regional scale

PopMap Audience and beneficiaries Population programmes / projects and health establishments databases for planning, monitoring and evaluating activities, health map for service accessibility and availability analysis

PopMap Audience and beneficiaries Education establishments districts school map education statistics demand / supply analysis

PopMap Audience and beneficiaries Community and rural development programmes / projects inventory situation maps Academic and training institutions basic courses on demography, geography, social sciences data visualization

Who can use it? Almost anyone...

PopMap Requirements Designed for analysts, researchers, planners and decision-makers No cartographic expertise No computer background required graphic user interface menu-driven No database knowledge Easy to learn and to use An interest in development planning, analysis or management

Key Benefits a set of tools for creating, editing and maintaining a geographical database with multidisciplinary statistics, map features and community-based facilities. a collection of capabilities for retrieving and processing data in a worksheet environment, and for creating statistical graphs. a wide range of options for analyzing, interpreting, and developing effective data presentations using maps.

PopMap: Potential Users Population Programmes Statistical Offices Health: epidemiology, maternal and child care, family planning and reproductive health Social affairs: poverty, manpower and employment Housing infrastructure and condition Development planning Transportation network Agriculture and environment Economic activities, industries and services Research institutes and universities

Training and national capacity building regional/sub-regional workshop on-site training none * Workshops (since 1991) - 11 regional and sub-regional workshops - 5 national workshops - more than 250 participants * Network of national experts on geographic database, GIS and mapping technologies and use of software Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Software Overview The PopMap database is developed and maintained by Data Editor. It defines and categorizes information into hierarchical administrative area levels with specific time reference periods. PopMap links the database information with maps created with Map Editor, thus enabling users to produce effective and meaningful data presentations for analysis using the spreadsheet, charting or mapping facilities. The PopMap System module is the main component dealt with by the ordinary user of the maps and statistical database to easily perform the following functions.

PopMap Retrieval and Browsing features select context area for retrieval and map display of data; create condition criteria for selective retrieval of area or facility data; transfer retrieved data to the PopMap spreadsheet;

PopMap Spreadsheet Built-in Excel-compatible spreadsheet for data manipulations

PopMap Spreadsheet compute secondary variables; import and export data with other spreadsheets and databases software (dBASE DBF, Excel XLS, etc.); sort and reorder ("match") retrieved and imported data; generate, display or print more than 30 chart types (bars, lines, scatter diagrams, filled areas, bubbles, or pie slices) from data in the spreadsheet with options for 2D and 3D graphs, and a wide degree of charting and graphical customization.

PopMap Charts

PopMap Thematic Mapping Multiple user-defined layers map importation and overlay several variables Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

PopMap Thematic Mapping overlay several variables, generate thematic maps with areas displayed according to values of selected data using up to 16 intervals of automatically or manually set interval limits, and including icons representing selected individual facilities scaled according to selected intervals of attribute values.

PopMap Thematic Mapping Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Page layout for printout with maps, graphs and data sheets Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

PopMap Thematic Mapping customize thematic maps using: color ranges, graduated symbols, pie and bar charts, dot density, individual value mapping. Adjust settings to modify colors, patterns, size, fonts, style, etc.

Options to customize thematic maps Dialog windows to modify colors, patterns, size, fonts, style, etc. 6 different types of thematic maps

Information Retrieval and Data Browsing browse, with optional zooming, among subdivisions and individual entity data within the context area map, including “point-and-shoot” information display; support for multimedia objects (text, photos, sound, video, etc.), and annotations, WYSIWYG page layout. facilities for locating and selecting features, measuring distances and areas, and calculating statistics.

Access information for selected item (Ghana) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Zoom-in with features selection, data browsing and statistics Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Working in PopMap with Geographic Information other features include true zooming and scaling, easy features labeling, multiple layers and overlay, ability to import/export standard maps (AutoCAD DXF, Atlas BNA, MapInfo MIF, etc.) and data file formats in the various PopMap components; support for real world coordinates, geo-referencing existing maps, hand-drawn or imported maps, map merging, projection manipulations, scale and north arrow.

PopMap for Windows support for scalable fonts and symbols, all Windows printers (including color and PostScript), video adapters, screen resolutions, and pointing devices. compatible with all national versions of Windows and supports all multilingual character-sets including Roman and non-Roman fonts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Hindi-Urdu, Bengali, Farsi, Thai, Japanese, Hebrew, etc.). print or save generated worksheets, graphs, maps and layouts for further use.

Users Data and PopMap Development Tools PopMap offers a simple database application framework to help end-users build their own geographical database with statistical indicators and meta-information: … topics, definition, source, footnote, comments, attachment, etc.

How to create an application Required inputs: maps and data Maps showing administrative boundaries, routes, rivers, and other relevant features to the development plans under study; Time-dimensioned statistical indicators for individual administrative units included in the maps; Statistics and individual attributes of facilities at particular geographical locations.

1. PopMap Database Editor A database editor for declaring and maintaining the structure and content of the database. Design and layout of the geographical and statistical database. Data entry and update facilities for developing and maintaining a geographic information system based on a statistical database and facility data.

PopMap Database Editor 1. Declaring variables and working with data 2. Statistical Database with meta-information Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

PopMap Database Editor A large number of features, variables and layers can be declared with a provision to store meta-information such as: topics, sources, footnotes, etc., for each variable and user-defined layer. The database is automatically linked to two other components of the software: a Map Editor and a Retrieval System.

2. PopMap Map Editor A map editor for entering cartographical features like boundaries, borders, rivers, routes and facility locations Set of tools to create, modify and maintain administrative base maps. Map data includes line-segment set boundaries (outlines), rivers, routes, including point location data up to seven levels of administrative and geographical hierarchy.

Base maps Base maps and sites of population activities and facilities are prepared by digitizing (or importing) maps with outlines, rivers, routes and other custom layers. Maps in vector format can be digitized, or drawn and edited using the mouse, by loading a scanned map (or a reproduction on a transparency) on the screen and tracing the boundaries with the mouse (heads-up digitizing).

PopMap Map Editor Drawing boundaries and assigning area names Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Drawing Maps Both mouse and digitizer support large-scale maps with multiple screen / digitizer size pages, and multiple maps with different scales. Import and export map in AutoCAD format (DXF) and other popular mapping formats (Atlas BNA and MapInfo MIF formats) Produces thematic map outputs on any Windows printer and in most popular graphic file formats.

Cartographic work Design, maintenance and manipulation of census and survey geography Monitoring field work and data processing Data dissemination atlases maps on demand digital databases

Map Library Database of sketch maps supporting census or survey data collection administrative atlas small areas logistic enumeration areas administrative hierarchy Base maps for various uses, including census operations, survey design and use

Map Library: country map Country Map: China by provinces Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Map Library: province map Province Map: Heilongjiang in North China (major routes and rivers) Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Map Library: province map Province Map: Heilongjiang by districts Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Map Library: district map District Map: Harbin provincial capital Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Map Library: city map City Map: Harbin Downtown base map by census blocks Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Map Library: city map City Map: Harbin census blocks with public facilities Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Map Library: enumeration area Enumeration Area Map: Harbin census blocks Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Types of Map Required National maps: small scale, major administrative areas Planimetric or topographic maps: relative large scale Major administrative areas maps: subdivisions, location of places City and town maps: large scale, road/streets, landmarks, ... Any other maps

Data conversion issue Conversion hard-copy to digital vector: >50% of GIS budget $24G next 10 years Manual digitizing: most common form of coordinate data input

The Census Base Maps Good base maps are required for all parts of the country Collect base maps from all sources Topographic maps, if available, most reliable Urban area maps

Administrative base maps Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Topographic maps Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

A Quarter of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Delineation of EAs Total coverage Steps: Obtain population and housing estimates Obtain population counts and location of special dwelling units Divide base maps into EAs and SAs Establish geographic code for EAs and SAs Reproduce copies for field work

Sketch map Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

EA delineation Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Presentation Maps National map 1st, 2nd and 3rd order division maps Urban and metropolitan areas maps Country by Provinces Province by Districts Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Use of Computerized Maps The 1990 round of censuses 1992 Zimbabwe census TIGER and the US Bureau of the Census Mexico Other countries PopMap experiences

Computerized Maps Databases Document imaging system Raster based Advantage: quick implementation, easy, little training, reliable, high volume processing Disadvantage: static, not classified, limit on map editing, large storage

Computerized Maps Databases GIS/Mapping Systems Vector based Advantage: easy editing, better mapping and spatial operation, less storage Disadvantage: require vectorization

Computerized Maps Databases Raster vs. Vector Raster representation: cell by cell Vector Representation: points and lines

Data Conversion GIS worldwide market: $10G/year >50% cost: conversion hard-copy to digital vector Data conversion cost $24G next 10 years Estimated Worldwide Cost of Data Conversion for the Next 10 Years (in billion dollars) 1995 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 1 2 3 4

Manual Digitizing Digitizing table Operator trace line Streaming mode Manual mode Dot-to-dot connection

Heads-Up Digitizing Raster-scanned image on computer screen Operator records coordinates from screen Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Line Following Operator locates a section of line work Computer follows line feature

Automated Vectorization Operator set parameters Computer generate vector data from raster image

Raster to vector conversion scanned paper map computer vector map Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

A Complementary Product of PopMap

MapScan: Procedure & Features Scanning: scan paper map as raster image Pre-processing: edit raster image Area referencing: recognize reference text and their spatial coordinates Cleaning: additional raster image editing Vectorization: perform raster-to-vector conversion Post-processing: edit vector map

Paper Map Conversion

Preparation of Paper Maps Mark or edit original: fix errors, close line gaps Make photocopy: reductions or enlargements Trace required lines on tracing paper overlay

Scanning lines too thick lines too thin acceptable line

Edit Raster Image Cut/erase items Draw items Correct line Copy Zoom Rotation Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Merge Raster Images Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Area Referencing Specify reference text Perform OCR Identify spatial location Eliminate recognized text Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Line Thinning After thinning Before thinning Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Line Extraction and Topology Reconstruction Identify series entities that constitute line segment Determine adjacency relationships among line segments Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Edit Vector Map: correcting and cleaning errors and topology Connect lines Join lines Delete lines Rotate map Zoom Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Edit Vector Map: Layer Assignment Select line segment Assign layer attribute Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Application for Cartographic Work National and sub-division maps Large scale maps for EA delineation EA maps for data collection Combination of map conversion methods: Manual digitizing Heads-up digitizing Automatic vectorization

Application for Cartographic Work Basic geographical databases with population, socio-economic, cultural and environmental indicators Sampling frame Cost effectiveness

Census Digital Cartography Country Population: 10 million Division (10), department (200), district (1000) and EA (20000) Resource Staff: 5 groups of 4 + 2 supervisors Equipment: 20 PCs, 5 digitizers, 5 scanners Time: 10 months Note: estimates based on a hypothetical example

PopMap Basics Application Spatial Data Attribute Data User Interface

PopMap Application For a specific geographical area with hierarchical structure of up to 7 levels Facilities: clinics, schools, community services, any point locations Other layers: roads, rivers, planning zones, any user-defined areas, and networks

PopMap for Windows Product of UNFPA/UNSD project Integrated database with hierarchical administrative structure Working environment... database  spreadsheet graphing  mapping Open system tools for geographic database development data exchange with other systems

PopMap: Windows interface Application window Map window Another Map Graph window Status Bar Worksheet window Toolbar Menu Bar Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

PopMap: Menu / Toolbar Toolbar Menu Bar

PopMap: Dialog Box Select item from drop-down list. Check box to use the option. Check toggle box to use the alternative. Click OK when you are done. Item shown in selection box. Click button to see a different set of options. Click to restore default settings. Click Cancel to discard any changes.

PopMap: Application Window Check box to select and load layer Browse administrative structure to select an area. List of geographic layers. Scroll to see a long list.

PopMap: Map Window Map window Themes list Scale Map Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

PopMap: Theme List Name of the theme. Check mark indicates that the Theme legend. Check mark indicates that the theme is on. Name of the theme. Symbol used to draw theme’s features. Scroll to see a long Theme list.

PopMap: Key Points Inexpensive, sustainable technologies Introduce/promote standards/guidelines for basic geographic databases For novice users explore geographic databases/GIS/mapping technologies For advanced users share and disseminate centralized information to a wider public

PopMap <==> GIS Database concept Simple data visualization Wide range of users Easy to use Inexpensive Spatial analysis Complex planning/management problems GIS specialists More difficult to use More expensive

PopMap: Portability Import/export map file in AutoCAD .DXF, MapInfo .MIF, Atlas .BNA format Use generic DBF format, import/link external dBASE .DBF data files Include Excel compatible spreadsheet Produce outputs as graphics files in generic formats (.PCX, .TIF, .GIF, .JPG, etc.)

South-South collaboration PopMap and MapScan software were developed with young experts from Algeria, Honduras and Viet Nam Nationals from Algeria, China, Ghana, Honduras, Iran, Sudan, Uganda and Viet Nam acted as trainers at regional and sub-regional training workshops

To contact us For information For copy of software and documents Project “Computer Software and Support for Population Activities” phone: 1 (212) 963-2054, fax: 1 (212) 963-4116 internet: softproj_UNSD@un.org http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/softproj/index.htm and http://www.undp.org/popin/softproj/index.htm For copy of software and documents Director, United Nations Statistics Division New York, NY 10017, USA