LES PRONOMS.

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Transcription de la présentation:

LES PRONOMS

Table de matières Qu’est-ce qu’un pronom? Les pronoms de sujet (révision) Les pronoms réfléchis (révision) Les pronoms d’objet: Les pronoms d’objet direct Les pronoms d’objet indirect Les pronoms d’objet avec préposition Les pronoms Y et EN Le placement des pronoms à l’impératif L’ordre des pronoms (dans les phrases avec 2 pronoms ou plus) Exemples

Qu’est-ce qu’un pronom? As in English, a pronoun exists to replace a noun so that the noun is not repeated each time it is mentioned. The main difference between French and English pronouns is that French pronouns USUALLY come before the verb, whereas English ones follow the verb. I love you. Je t’adore.

Les pronoms de sujet You already know subject pronouns: JE = I TU = YOU (familiar/singular) IL = HE ELLE = SHE ON = ONE (used in context to = NOUS) NOUS = WE VOUS = YOU (formal AND/OR plural) ILS = THEY (masculine or mixed group) ELLES = THEY (all feminine)

Subject pronouns come before the verb in a sentence. Je voudrais apprendre les pronoms!

Les pronoms réfléchis Reflexive pronouns are used with some verbs to imply that one (the subject) does the action to oneself. ME = TO MYSELF TE = TO YOURSELF SE = TO HIM- OR HERSELF NOUS = TO OURSELVES VOUS = TO YOURSELF, YOURSELVES SE = TO THEMSELVES

Reflexive pronouns generally are placed after their accompanying subject pronouns and before the verb: Je me promène sur la plage. Elle se lave dans la douche. Est-ce que vous vous êtes levés tôt? But with sentences with a conjugated verb and an infinitive, they go after the conjugated verb and before the infinitive (main verb): Tu vas te baigner dans la mer? Nous aimons nous coucher tard le vendredi soir.

Les pronoms d’objet direct Direct object pronouns are used to replace nouns that are the direct OBJECT of a sentence. This is generally after the verb and receives the action of the verb (as opposed to the subject, which DOES the action). ME = ME TE = YOU LE (L’) = HIM, IT (masculine) LA (L’) = HER, IT (feminine) NOUS = US VOUS = YOU LES = THEM Notice direct object pronouns can replace both people AND things.

In the sentence Je lis le livre , “le livre” is the object, since it is what’s read. So, if you are asked: “Est-ce que tu lis le livre? You could answer, “Oui, je le lis. Je l’adore!” LE and L’ replace the object “le livre”.

“Voici mon amie Isabelle. Je la connais depuis trois ans.” “Tu as tes devoirs? Je ne les vois pas.” “Où est Richard? Tu l’as vu?” In each case, the underlined pronoun in the second sentence refers to the object immediately preceding it.

Object pronouns are generally placed immediately BEFORE the verb Object pronouns are generally placed immediately BEFORE the verb. However, in sentences with one conjugated verb and one infinitive, they are placed after the conjugated verb and before the infinitive. “Quel bon film! Je peux le regarder chez moi?” “Ces escargots n’ont pas l’air appétissant. Je n’ai pas envie de les manger.” Notice that a word that is a subject of one sentence can be an object in another! In the second set of sentences, “ces escargots” is a subject in the first sentence, but an object in the second.

Les pronoms d’objet indirect Indirect objects are those objects that do not directly receive the action of the verb, but are still involved. In the sentence Je donne des fleurs à ma mère , “des fleurs” are what I give, so they are the DIRECT object. “ma mère” gets the flowers, but they were given TO her. She is an INDIRECT object.

Whereas direct objects can be people or things, indirect objects are always people. ME = TO ME TE = TO YOU LUI = TO HIM, TO HER NOUS = TO US VOUS = TO YOU LEUR = TO THEM

Indirect object pronouns come up with verbs involving COMMUNICATING, GIVING, or SHOWING. This is logical, because you communicate, give, or show (something, = the direct object) TO (someone, = the indirect object). The common verbs in these categories include DIRE TÉLÉPHONER PARLER ÉCRIRE ENVOYER DONNER OFFRIR ACHETER MONTRER

Tu as parlé à ton frère? Oui, je lui ai parlé. Vous achetez des chocolats pour vos amis? Oui, nous leur achetons des chocolats.

As with direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns will come before the verb, except when a conjugated verb and infinitive are in the same sentence. C’est l’anniversaire de ma soeur. Je vais lui envoyer un cadeau.

Les pronoms d’objet avec préposition Sometimes an object pronoun will follow a preposition. Common prepositions include AVEC, SANS, POUR, and CHEZ. Direction words such as A COTÉ DE, DERRIERE, and SUR are also prepositions.

Following the preposition AVEC, AVEC MOI = WITH ME AVEC TOI = WITH YOU AVEC LUI = WITH HIM AVEC ELLE = WITH HER AVEC NOUS = WITH US AVEC VOUS = WITH YOU AVEC EUX = WITH THEM (masc.) AVEC ELLES = WITH THEM

Bruno m’a invité à jouer. Je vais aller chez lui. Où est ma calculatrice? Je ne peux pas faire mes problèmes de maths sans elle. Robert et Nicolas sont plus grands que toi. Mets-toi devant eux pour la photo. An object pronoun with a preposition will always directly follow its preposition.

Les pronoms Y et EN Y and EN are pronouns that have special uses. Y is used to replace 1) a location, generally signaled by A plus a place (or another preposition plus a place) 2) An object that is preceded by the preposition A because its verb requires A.

1) “Tu vas au cinéma ce soir?” “Oui, j’y vais pour regarder Le Roi Lion.” “Tu vas voir tes amis dans le café après?” Non, ils ne vont pas y aller.” 2) “Réponds à la question!” “Mais, je ne peux pas y répondre!” “J’hésite à parler en français.” “Mais non, n’y hésite pas!”

EN is used to replace 1) a quantity, generally signaled by DU, DE LA, DES, or DE 2) An object that is preceded by the preposition DE because its verb requires DE.

“Oui, j’en veux bien! J’ai très faim.” “Tu as des 10?” 1) “Tu veux du gâteau?” “Oui, j’en veux bien! J’ai très faim.” “Tu as des 10?” Non, je n’en ai pas. Va à la pêche.” 2) “Parle de ta petite soeur.” “Je ne veux pas en parler. Elle est pénible.” Parler de = to talk about “Maintenant je sais mon alphabet! Dites-moi ce que vous en pensez.”* *penser de = to have an opinion about

Le placement des pronoms à l’impératif In a negative command, a reflexive or object pronoun precedes the verb as usual. “Ne te lève pas tard!” “N’y va pas sans moi!” N’en mange pas trop!”

In an affirmative command, however, a pronoun follows the verb and a hyphen. “Lève-toi tôt! “Vas-y, si tu veux!” “Manges-en, si tu as faim!” Notice: The pronoun TE changes to TOI in an affirmative command. The –S that is generally dropped from the TU command of an –ER verb is re-added when followed by Y or EN.

L’ordre des pronoms (dans les phrases de 2 pronoms ou plus) Sometimes, you will have 2 or occasionally more objects of a sentence you wish to replace with pronouns. Le chocolat n’est pas bon pour les chiens. Ne leur en donne pas! The second sentence says, “Don’t give any (en, = de chocolat) to them (leur, = aux chiens).

Est-ce que Marie aime le français?” Oui, elle s’y intéresse beaucoup.” Another example: Est-ce que Marie aime le français?” Oui, elle s’y intéresse beaucoup.” S’intéresser à = to be interested in something The se is reflexive, to have oneself interested in; the y is à + le français (à is a preposition that goes with s’intéresser.)

If you have two or more object pronouns in the same sentence, they will always come in this order, from left to right: ME LE LUI Y EN TE LA LEUR NOUS LES VOUS SE For the order, don’t worry if ME, for example, plays the role of a reflexive, direct, or indirect object pronoun. Just follow the order.

Exemples Complete the second sentence of each pair with a pronoun to replace the underlined noun or expression in the first sentence. 1. Tu as mangé le sandwich? Oui, je _____ ai mangé. 2. Tu as pris de l’eau? Non, je n’_____ ai pas pris.

3. Tu vas sortir avec Sophie? Oui, je suis très confortable avec _____. 4. Tu vas te bronzer à la plage? Non, je ne vais pas ___’___ bronzer. Je trouve le soleil très fort. 5. Tu vas dire la vérité à tes parents? Non, je ne peux pas ____ ____ dire. C’est trop cruel.

Solutions 1. Je l’ai mangé. 2. Je n’en ai pas pris. 3. Je suis très confortable avec elle. 4. Je ne vais pas m’y bronzer. 5. Je ne peux pas la leur dire.