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Publié parLéon Robillard Modifié depuis plus de 8 années
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org Jérôme Chappellaz, Olivier Alemany, Jack Triest and the SUBGLACIOR team Insights on the mid-Pleistocene climatic transition : the concept and design of a revolutionary probe called SUBGLACIOR CUHK Scientific Seminar, 4th December 2015
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org Climate archives in climate science Extend the history of forcings and climate Access to slow feedbacks of the system (cryosphere, carbon cycle, ocean circulation…) Test of climate models under different conditions Climate archives ? Anomalies of the indicator « mean global temperature » (°C) Feedbacks ? Natural variability ? Threshold effects ? Climate modelling ? GISSTEMP, 2015
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org Temperature (isotopes of H 2 O) Accumulation (stratigraphy, 10 Be) Aerosols of natural origin : –Marine (Cl -, Na +, SO 4 =, MSA,...) –Continental (dust, Al, Ca ++, NH 4 +, organic acids) –Volcanic (Cl -, SO 4 = ) –Cosmic (Ir, 10 Be) Aerosols of anthropogenic origin : –SO 4 =, NO 3 -, heavy metals, 137 Cs,… Atmospheric gas composition (δ 18 O of O 2, CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, CO, noble gases and their isotopes,…) Parameters accessible in natural ice
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org EPICAEPICA uropean roject for ce oring in ntarctica 1996 - 2004 Dome C 75°06´S 123°23´E 3233 m above sea level Mean annual T= minus 55°C
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org EPICA – Dome C Temperature CO 2 CH 4 N2ON2O Jouzel et al., Science 2007; Lüthi et al., Nature 2008; Loulergue et al., Nature 2008, Schilt et al., EPSL 2010 3200 m of depth
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Understanding the causes of the mid-Pleistocene transition ? ? 40,000-yr cycles100,000-yr cycles Mid-Pleistocene Transition
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org Where to find ice old enough in Antarctica? Constraints : Low accumulation rate (Dome F – Dome A – Vostok – Concordia) No melting at bedrock interface : ice thickness of 2.5 to 3 km Simple ice flow regime Fischer and IPICS oldest ice consortium, Clim. Past, 2013 Vostok
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org 2010 : First application of OF-CEAS in the field
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org 2010 : First application of OF-CEAS in the field Highly-detailed atmospheric CH 4 evolution from 8 to 110 kyr BP Chappellaz et al., Clim. Past 2013
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org The SUBGLACIOR probe : ice and laser together Team of 21 persons from 4 French laboratories : LGGE, LIPhy, DT-INSU and LSCE Project started in 2012 (ends in 2018) Budget of 3.2 M€ for the probe alone (2.4 M€ coming from the ERC) Drill through the Antarctic ice sheet down to bedrock in a single run and in a single summer Antarctic season (December-January) Embarked OF-CEAS laser spectrometer for in-situ measurements of δD of H 2 O and of methane concentration, with continuous data transfer to surface LIPHy
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org 97% electromechanical drill + 3% thermal (sample production) Continuous evacuation of the chips through a drill fluid circulation Drill fluid : silicon oil BLUESIL FLD 47V3 Sample handling at sub-atmospheric pressure Sample meltwater re-injected in the borehole Data transmission from spectrometer to surface through ADSL (up to 80 Kb/s) General concept
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org Field work 2013-2015 at Concordia station Antarctica Leak-tight tubing installed down to 120 m Successful test of fluid/chip circulation
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org Outlook The SUBGLACIOR probe takes shape; all technological challenges solved so far Full-scale test on December 2016-January 2017 at Concordia station in Antarctica → 1000 m of depth First deployment for the “oldest ice” challenge in 2017/18 → First record of Antarctic climate and atmospheric composition through the mid-Pleistocene transition More sites afterwards (possibly with the USA, Japan, China, Russia) Application on fast ice stream glaciers
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ERC ICE&LASERS – ANR SUBGLACIOR ERC : Jérôme Chappellaz LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France jerome@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ANR : Olivier Alemany LGGE (CNRS, UJF) 54 rue Molière – BP 96 38400 St Martin d’Hères - France alemany@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://www.iceandlasers-subglacior.org Thank you for your attention ! Photo : Xavier Faïn (Taylor Glacier, Antarctica)
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