Operational fatigue in the French Navy: studies and experiences

Présentation au sujet: "Operational fatigue in the French Navy: studies and experiences"— Transcription de la présentation:

1 Operational fatigue in the French Navy: studies and experiences
MC L. Bourdon (MD, PhD) MC B. Maugey (MD), IEF A. Rabat (PhD) MC J. Faltot (MD) MCS D. Lagarde (MD, PhD)

2 Numerous reasons to be tired!
fatigue onboard? Many complaints No recent studies Numerous reasons to be tired!

3 fatigue onboard Which causes? physical effort rhythm disturbances sea
(fatigue duty) fatigue onboard rhythm disturbances sea sickness sleep debt sleep deprivation bad sleep motion stress uncertainty noise duty rhythms Corvée = fatigue duty

4 brain fatigue fatigue aboard
mood physical fatigue brain fatigue physical effort fatigue aboard (fatigue duty) rhythm disturbances sleep debt sea sickness Corvée = fatigue duty duty rhythms stress motion

5 Watchstanding schedule in French Navy (one third on duty)
Clock time (h) Branle-bas de combat : swing-low of combat Officiers mariniers = petty officers in the US navy and warrant officers (officiers mariniers) et Petty officers (officiers mariniers supérieurs) Matelot = seaman

6 Watchstanding schedule in French Navy (one third on duty)
Clock time (h) Branle-bas de combat : swing-low of combat Officiers mariniers = petty officers in the US navy and warrant officers (officiers mariniers) et Petty officers (officiers mariniers supérieurs) Matelot = seaman

7 Watchstanding schedule in French Navy (one third on duty)
Clock time (h) d.1 d.2 d.3 d.4 d.5 h 6 + 2½ h 7 + 3 h a work day is 10 to 12 h long, 7 days a week « night » « day » Branle-bas de combat : swing-low of combat Officiers mariniers = petty officers in the US navy and warrant officers (officiers mariniers) et Petty officers (officiers mariniers supérieurs) Matelot = seaman

8 Watchstanding schedule in French Navy (one third on duty)
Clock time (h) d.1 d.2 d.3 d.4 d.5 max time for sleep : 7½ + 1½ h 5½ + 1½ h 2½ + 3½ h in average, sleep is allowed from 6 to 7 hours a day Nap time Branle-bas de combat : swing-low of combat Officiers mariniers = petty officers in the US navy and warrant officers (officiers mariniers) et Petty officers (officiers mariniers supérieurs) Matelot = seaman « night » « day »

9 Watchstanding schedule in French Navy (one half on duty)
Clock time (h) « night » « day » d.1 d.2 d.3 d.4 d.5 Nap time max time for sleep : 3½ + 1½ h 3½ +3 ½ h Branle-bas de combat : swing-low of combat Officiers mariniers = petty officers in the US navy and warrant officers (officiers mariniers) et Petty officers (officiers mariniers supérieurs) Matelot = seaman Prendre le quart = take the watch Watchstanding schedule = rythme de quart Opération continue : continuous operation Opération soutenue : constant operation in average, sleep is allowed from 6 hours a day, in two periods

10 What would be the actual watch rhythm during an operation?
Clock time (h) safety zone d.1 d.3 d.5 d.7 d.9 d.11 d.13 d.15 d.17 transit coast But what is the actual watch schedule of a petty officer working at the operational center of a frigate involved in a task force engaged in western mediterranean sea… First the ship is doing a transit, then it enters the zoen at risk, in the high risk zone, the normal watchstanding schedule is by one half, during several days, then the ship can go out for refueling at sea, then go in during some days and then go to a safety place for some days. And you can put on top of this a lot of specific activities which can impair sleep such as helicopter operations and so on. Such a case is a very typical exemple of constant operation where the problem for any crew-member engaged in a watchstanding schedule is to perform his or her job during the full time of the operation ; in other words, the challenge is not maintain alertness during one or two days and not even to manage the waking period during a relatively small number of days (even using psychostimulants or sleep inducers) but rather to manage sleep to last as much as possible. It is not the same challenge and we have to recognize that there is not so much work done in France to help the Navy in this job… But we can imagine that after some days like this, crewmembers sleeps well when it is possible ! CLICK low risk zone After one week at sea, sleep debt can have increased to very high level High risk zone

11 But sometimes, it could be hard to sleep!
But sometimes, it could be hard to sleep, even you have time to do that !

12 fatigue onboard what is done?
 adapting the watchstanding schedule to the actual activity (with shifts from one half to one third, to one quarter…) avoiding specific tasks (helicopter, refueling…) during resting periods  giving « Sunday » day at sea (only « on duty » work)  maintaining good mood

13 Numerous reasons to be tired! No reported dramatic accidents!
fatigue onboard? Many complaints No recent studies Numerous reasons to be tired! No reported dramatic accidents!

14 Le 6 juin 1971, à 4h00 du matin, le Surcouf alors qu'il naviguait en escadre est abordé par le pétrolier sovietique Général Boucharov au large de Carthagène, collision ou la responsabilité du Surcouf était entière…

15 Bernard P. A. (64 ans, Lieutenant de vaisseau) Quelques précisions : le Surcouf a été abordé le à 0409(LT) par le pétrolier soviétique Général Boucharov à 60 milles au Sud de Carthagène (Espagne). L'avant à coulé 4 heures après l'abordage, ce qui à permis à l'équipage de se sauver sans mal (9 disparus et un blessé grave décédé plus tard). L'étrave du pétrolier est entrée profondément dans le Surcouf, lui cassant la quille (ce qui ne pardonne pas). L'avant ne tenant que par le bordé babord et frétillant gentiment à chaque coup de roulis. Heureusement il faisait un temps de curé, car autrement cela aurait été autrement plus grave .Le mat avant à tenu bon, mais il a été coupé à Carthagène pour plus de sécurité. Effectivement, l'étrave du pétrolier à frôlé les 2 chaudières avant sans les toucher, un vrai miracle, car autrement c'était l'explosion..Je l'ai vu rentrer à Toulon le vers 2230 à Toulon, puis par la suite je suis allé le voir au bassin. Très impressionnant.....

16 Herve Perrot (42 ans, Capitaine de frégate)
D'après ce que je me souviens du rapport d'accident, c'est que le chef de quart dormait à la passerelle, parce qu'il avait passé sa journée dans différent exercices. Bien sur il n'était pas seul à faire le quart, mais aucun garde fou n'a fonctionné.

17 No reported dramatic accidents!
fatigue onboard? No reported dramatic accidents! till now… Why? One of the main reason is probably because there is many levels of control in both operational and maintenance activities …one of the main chalenge of crew reduction…

18 The new « projection and command ship »
and the old one BPC en chiffres Photo partie avant construite à St Nazaire par les CAT (mise à l’eau le 23/01/04, livrée le 15 juillet 2004 puis transférée à Brest) Partie arrière construite par DCN à Brest; jumboïsation de juillet à septembre mise à flot du bâtiment le 6 octobre 2004 à Brest.

19 « old » TCD New BPC Length x Width m x 22 m m x 32 m Weight t t Flight deck m², 3 spots m², 6 spots Helicos 4 Super Puma TIGRE-NH90 (1800 m2) Troops / Crew 416 / (+ 250) / 160 present next generation Frigate: (FREMM) Aircraft carrier: (PA2)

20 Human factor experience feedback
fatigue onboard? Human factor experience feedback on new warships (reduced crew)  after an accident Protocol to operate the human factor experience feedback (HF REX) on new warships New elements to take into account : DEFH2 : work organization : … evaluation of daily resting period for each seaman taking into account alert level,watchstanding schedule, and actual work… DEFH8 : evaluation of risks and efforts attached to the actual work linked to the circumstances of the accidents… evaluation of the sleep health of each man before any accident during the previous days…  in normal conditions

21 The Human factor experience feedback
fatigue onboard? The Human factor experience feedback 2) Modelisation of crew functionning taking into account fatigue 3) Studies on fatigue on board Questionnaires on fatigue and sleep Effects of improving sleep hygiene and daylight rhythms 4) Studies on effects of crew reduction on performance (from a cognitive point of view) IMNSSA - EMM (Antenne Programme Toulon et ANPROS) - CTSN

22 Thank you for your attention.
Questions?