THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON UNEMPLOYMENT

Relation entre le développement technologique et le marché de l’emploi. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION A Factory in the 18th century Source: Wikipédia

Relation entre le développement technologique et le marché de l’emploi. The spinning mule (1779), It was able to spin 128 threads at a time. Source: Wikipédia Textile Manufacturing(1830) Source: Wikipédia THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Destruction of machine (1812) Source: Wikipédia Révolt of the luddites (mai 1812). Source: Wikipédia

Relation entre le développement technologique et le marché de l’emploi. Source: Henry Hazlitt, (2014) « Economics in one lesson » [on line]. Édition Pereau-Leroy, (1re éd.1978). THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Relation entre le développement technologique et le marché de l’emploi. THE CURSE OF MACHINERY The Great Depression had devastating effects in countries both rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25% and in some countries rose as high as 33%. The Great Depression in1929 Unemployed men queued outside a depression soup kitchen in Chicago 1931 Source: Wikipédia

Relation entre le développement technologique et le marché de l’emploi. THE CURSE OF MACHINERY The workers are laid off Installation the machines in factory of overcoat The workforce is require The productivity increases Profit buy more machines invest profits in some other industry Increase employment spend the extra profits on own consumption

Relation entre le développement technologique et le marché de l’emploi workers workers The modern mass production The new assembly line by Ford Motor Company In Technological Progress: THE CURSE OF MACHINERY

Relation entre le développement technologique et le marché de l’emploi. PRODUCTIVITY AND LABOUR MARKET. Technology Cost Reduction Increase Consuption Rise Productivity (Innovation) Increase of Market Employees Technological progress is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes. Technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods and processes used in the production of goods or services. It include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norms.

Relation entre le développement technologique et le marché de l’emploi. Introduction of computers in factory Source: Banco Mondial PRODUCTIVITY AND LABOUR MARKET.

Relation entre le développement technologique et le marché de l’emploi. PRODUCTIVITY AND LABOUR MARKET. After the grand depression the productivity continued to rise in US, in fact, it has been accelerating the whole world. Actually, the industrial production has increased 60%, between 1997 and 2005, while 3,9 millions of employees have been dismissed between 2000 and 2008 in US.

Relation entre le développement technologique et le marché de l’emploi Labour Productivity & Employment, =100 PIB labour Productivity Employment Source: research.stlouisfed.org The information technology bubble in US 2000 The dot-com-bubble The property bubble in US 2007 The financial crisis PIB Employment million $ 3,8 million Workman PRODUCTIVITY AND LABOUR MARKET.

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

L’emploi qualifié et l’emploi non qualifié. The Da Vinci Surgical System (sic) is a robotic surgical system made by the American company Intuitive Surgical. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2000 Source: DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

L’emploi qualifié et l’emploi non qualifié. The robots Kiva, made by Amazon, the smaller model is approximately 2 feet by 2.5 feet, and one foot high and capable of lifting 1000 pounds. The larger model can carry pallets and loads as heavy as 3,000 pounds Source: DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

L’emploi qualifié et l’emploi non qualifié. Automatisation of the production line Source: DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

Siemens’ Energy, Industry, and Infrastructure Sectors staged their first-ever joint presentation at the 2014 Hannover Fair trade show. Their exhibits offered a preview of the future of the industries these sectors serve. A highlight was a look at concepts for the production systems of the future. Source: body.html DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

L’emploi qualifié et l’emploi non qualifié. The giant Asiatic, which have 1,2 millions of employees within are dedicated in the production of parts for Apple. These factory has "reduced employee strength from 110,000 to 50,000 thanks to the introduction of robots", and it want to reach one million robots in its workforce Source: robots-humains-par-de-vrais-robots.html DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

Source: driving-trucks-impact-on-drivers-jobs-us Source: threaten-livelihoods-of-truck-bus-and-cab-drivers.html

L’emploi qualifié et l’emploi non qualifié. TurboTax is an American tax preparation software package developed by Michael A. Source: DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

Source: science-and-automated-insight/ Source: earnings-preview-apple-2/#176073b3622c Financial reports, sports updates and earthquake alerts are the kinds of stories that are already being produced by algorithms without any human involvement L’emploi qualifié et l’emploi non qualifié. DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

EDiscovery is a software program that can sift (examiner) through millions of legal documents, looking for patterns of behavior, lines of thought, concepts, and the like. Source:

L’emploi qualifié et l’emploi non qualifié. Tax PreparersJournalist Lawyer DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

L’avenir proche. DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY. Waitres Driverless car Social Assistant Drone delivery Worker Farmer

Management, Business, and Financial Computer, Engineering, and Science Education, Legal, Community Service, Arts, and Media Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Service Sales and Related Office and Administrative Support Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Construction and Extraction Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Production Transportation and Material Moving 400M E mp l o ym e n t Probability of Computerisation 4 ← 7 − % − Employment High − −→High − −→ 19% Employment ←− − Medium − −→ 33% Employment ←− − Low − −→←− − Low − −→ M0M 100M 200M 300M DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY. The distribution of BLS 2010 occupational employment over the probability of computerisation, along with the share in low, medium and high probability categories. Note that the total area under all curves is equal to total US employment.

L’avenir proche. Source: Future of Jobs Survey, World Economic Forum. JOBS IN TECHNOLOGY AREA Mobile internet, cloud technology Processing power, Big Data New energy supplies and technologies Internet of ThingsInternet of Things Sharing economy, crowdsourcing Robotics, autonomous transport Artificial intelligence Adv. manufacturing, 3D printing 34% 26% 22% 14%14% 12%12% 9% 7% 6% Adv. materials, biotechnology DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

“ ” TECHNOLOGY IS NOT DESTINY. WE SHAPE OUR DESTINY Erik Brynjolfsson (2013) A quoi consiste le développement technologique.

AMAZON DIGITAL EMPLOYEES EMPLOYMENT JOBS KIVA LUDDITES MACHINE PRODUCTIVITY ROBOTS TECHNOLOGY TURBOTAX COMPETITOR SMALLER POUND MANUFACTURING ROBOTICS DESTINY PRODUCTION SMALLER POUND SOFTWARE WORKMAN WORKER DRONE UNEMPLOYMENT SKILLS