GROUP FOUR OF DIPLOMA CIVIL “A”

Presentation On Fuel & Combustion Submitted By Submitted To Group4 Mr Tarang Agarwal Sir Diploma Civil A

Group Members Mohd Arif-DCE Mohit kr Rajput-DCE Mohd Tassavar-DCE Wasim Ahmad-DCE Mohd Danish-DCE Shoaib Parvez-DCE Mohd Suhel-DCE

Introduction Fuels Non-renewable Conventional Sources In Mechanical, Electrical & Chemical operations.

Characteristics of Good Fuels: High Calorific Values Moderate Ignition Temperature Low Moisture Content Low Ash Content Moderate Velocity of Combustion Should not produce harmful products Low Cost Easy Storage & Transportation Easily Controllable

Classification Natural or Primary Fuels Solid e.g. Wood, Peat, Lignite, Bituminous Coal, Dung Liquid e.g. Crude Oil, Vegetable Oil Gaseous e.g. Natural Gas

Classification Solid e.g. Coke, Charcoal, Liquid e.g. Tar, Kerosene, Diesel, Petrol, Gaseous e.g. Coal Gas, Water Gas, Bio-Gas

Solid Fuel. Coal coal is the most common solid fuel.it is generally dark brown/black.sedimentary rock which is derived from unoxidised remain of animal and plants TYPES OF COAL Peat Lignite Bituminus Anthracite.

Advantages & Disadvantages Of Solid Fuels: Advantages (a) They are easy to transport. (b) They are convenient to store without any risk of spontaneous explosion. (c) Their cost of production is low. (d) They posses moderate ignition temperature Disadvantages (a) Their ash content is high. (b) Their large proportion of heat is wasted. (c) They burn with clinker formation. (d) Their combustion operation cannot be controlled easily. (e) Their cost of handling is high.

Liquid Fuels fuels that are in liquid form are called liquid fuels. These are generally obtained from petroleum & its by product.these liquid fuel are a complex mixture of hydrocarbon that are obtain from refining the crude petroleum oil some of the liquid fuel are: petrol diesel kerosine

The advantages and disadvantages of liquid fuels are: Advantages: (a)They posses higher calorific value per unit mass than solid fuels. (b) They burn without dust, ash, clinkers, etc. (c)They are easy to transport through pipes. (d) They can be stored indefinitely without any loss Disadvantages (a) The cost of liquid fuel is relatively much higher as compared to solid fuel. (b) Costly special storage tanks are required for storing liquid fuels. (c) There is a greater risk of five hazards, particularly, in case of highly inflammable and volatile liquid fuels. (d) They give bad odour

GASEOUS FUELS These are the fuel that are in gaseuos phase.gaseous fuel are also hydrocarbon Which are derived from petrolium reserve.most common gaseous fuel is natural gas(methye is the main component) gaseous fuel may also be produce Artificially from burning solid fuel(coal & water) Some of the gaseous fuels produce artificially: Natural gas Coal gas Producer gas,etc.

The advantages and disadvantages of gaseous fuels Advantages (a) They are clean in use. (b) They do not require any special burner. (c) They burn without any shoot, or smoke and ashes. (d) They are free from impurities found in solid and liquid fuels. Disadvantages (a) Very large storage tanks are needed. (b) They are highly inflammable, so chances of fire hazards in their use is high.

Combustion Combustion is defined as the process of burning of a substance in the presence of air or oxygen with the liberation of light and heat. Lets see some Images

Combustible Substances Substances that burn in air to produce light and heat are called combustible substances Eg- Paper, Wood, Kerosene, LPG.

NoN-Combustible Substances Substances that do not burn in air to produce light and heat are called combustible substances Eg-Water, Sand, Glass, Cement.

Calorific Values: Calorific Value of fuel is the total quantity of heat liberated by complete combustion of a unit mass (or volume) of the fuel.

Calorific Values

Higher Calorific Values: It is the total amount of heat liberated, when unit mass / volume of the fuel is burnt completely and the products of combustion have been cooled to room temperature (i.e. 15 o C).

Lower Calorific Values: It is the net amount of heat liberated, when unit mass / volume of the fuel is burnt completely and the products of combustion are allowed to escape.

THANKING YOU SIR FOR GIVING A GLORIOUS CHANCE TO PRESENT THIS PRESENTATION AT THE FRONT OF CLASS WE ARE VERY THANKFUL Mr.Tarang Agarwal Sir THE END