Je pars Tu pars Il/Elle/On part Nous partons Vous partez partir – to leave/depart Je pars Tu pars Il/Elle/On part Nous partons Vous partez Ils/Elles partent sortir – to go out Je sors Tu sors Il/Elle/On sort Nous sortons Vous sortez Ils/Elles sortent

Après avoir mangé, je suis sorti. Après avoir/Après être – Having done ... Après avoir + past participle translates as ‘Having done sth.’ E.g. Après avoir mangé, je suis sorti. It can also come at the other end of the sentence Elle a écrit une lettre, après avoir téléphoné à son amie. She wrote a letter, having phoned her friend.

Verbs that usually take être as their auxiliary verb do so here. E.g. Après être monté, il a réparé le toit. Having gone up, he repared the roof HOWEVER, they have to agree with the subject of the sentence. Après être sortie, elle a vu son professeur. Après être rentrés, nous avons préparé le déjeuner. -s  indicating a ‘plural’ subject nous  agreeing with a ‘plural’ agreement N.B. The subject must be the same on both sides of the comma.

Reflexive verbs work in much the same way Reflexive verbs work in much the same way. They still take être as their auxiliary verb and they continue to take their reflexive pronoun. E.g. Après s’être levé, Paul a déjeuné. Après s’être levée, Annie a déjeuné. Après nous être levés, nous avons déjeuné. N.B. The reflexive pronoun, the agreement and the subject must all agree with each other.

Having eaten some biscuits, I drank some tea. Translate the following phrases into French You must write the French and the English. Having eaten some biscuits, I drank some tea. Having censored (censurer) the media, the government received letter from viewers. Having arrived at the hotel, she decided (décider) to go to sleep (se coucher). Having remembered (se souvenir) the holidays from last year, I wanted to return to the United States. Having returned, we drank a lot of beer in the bar at the hotel.

Direct Object Pronouns Direct Object Pronouns (DOP) relate to the direct object in a sentence. The direct object is the ‘thing’ in the sentence that is having the action done to it. Therefore, DOP replace the noun. E.g. Tu aime les bananes? Oui, je les aime. (les relates to the direct object (noun) in the question) À quelle heure feras-tu tes devoirs? Je les ferai à 17h30.

The following is a list of all the possible DOP : Il me regarde - He is watching me Il te regarde - He is watching you Il le regarde - He is watching him / it Il la regarde - He is watching her / it Il nous regarde - He is watching us Il vous regarde - He is watching you Il les regarde - He is watching them

Use of DOP with negatives The negatives ‘sandwich’ both the DOP and then verb. Il ne les mange jamais – He never eats them Je ne le ferais pas – I will not do it

Use of DOP with more than one verb When there are two verbs, i.e. an infinitive is being used, the DOP (and the negative) go in front of the verb that you wish to qualify. Je préfère les manger cuits – I prefer to eat them cooked Je préfère ne pas les manger – I prefer not to eat them N.B. If an adjective is used (such as the first example) the adjective must agree with the DOP.

DOP and Compound Tenses In all compound tense (i.e. tenses that include an auxiliary verb such as the perfect and pluperfect tenses), the DOP comes before the auxiliary verb. E.g. Il m’a vu – He saw me Elle l’avait lu – She had read it What’s more, the past participle must agree with the DOP. E.g. Tu as vu les filles? Oui, je les ai vues Tu as mangé la pomme ? Non, je ne l’ai pas mangée

Indirect Object Pronouns Points to note about Indirect Object Pronouns (IOP) Indirect pronouns are only used for people, and not things. Have the idea of ­‘to’ in French No agreement in any tense, this includes composed tenses Téléphoner à – in French you telephone to someone, e.g. je téléphone à Paul, which can be replaced with an indirect object pronoun e.g. je lui telephone

The following are a list of all the IOP: Il me donne - to me Il te parle - to you Il lui téléphone - to him Il lui offre - to her Il nous écrit - to us Il vous parle - to you Il leur donne - to them

Use of IOP with negatives The negatives ‘sandwich’ both the DOP and then verb. Je ne lui donner pas un cadeau – I will not give (to) him a present

IOP and Compound Tenses In all compound tense (i.e. tenses that include an auxiliary verb such as the perfect and pluperfect tenses), the IOP comes before the auxiliary verb. E.g. Il m’a donné un livre – He gave (to) me a book Elle m’avait écrit – She had written to me

Extension – Using direct and indirect pronouns Le livre? Je le lui donnerai demain. La lettre ? Je la leur ai écrite hier.