Comment se présentent les noms ? Le lexique latin Comment se présentent les noms ?
Comment les mots sont-ils classés ? accipio, is, ere, cepi, ceptum adulescens, entis (m) aequus, a,um aetas, atis (f) ago, is, ere, egi, actum agricola, ae (m) ambulo, as, are, avi, atum amicitia, ae (f) amicus, i (m) amo, as, are, avi, atum aperio, is, ire, ui, tum aqua, ae (f) ars, artis (f) asper, era, erum audio, is, ire, ivi, itum avis, is (f) bonus, a, um causa, ae (f) caveo, es, ere, cavi, cautum clamor, oris (m) clarus,a,um claudo, is, ere, clausi, clausum cupio, is,ere,ivi, itum cursus, us (m) dea, ae (f) debeo, es, ere,ui, itum dico, is, ere, dixi, dictum dies, ei (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) domus, us (f) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) equus, i (m) fabula, ae (f) fides, ei (f) hic, haec, hoc idem, eadem, idem ille, illa, illud judex, icis (m) liber, libri (m) lingua, ae (f) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) magnus,a,um manus, us (f) mitto, is, ere, si, ssum mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oculus, i (m) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) provincia, ae (f) pulcher, chra, chrum res, ei (f) rex, regis (m) scriba, ae (m) servus, i (m) silva, ae (f) sol, solis (m) spes, ei (f) statuo, is, ere, ui, utum vicinus, i (m) video, es, ere, vidi, visum vir, viri (m)
Quels mots sont des noms ? accipio, is, ere, cepi, ceptum adulescens, entis (m) aequus, a,um aetas, atis (f) ago, is, ere, egi, actum agricola, ae (m) ambulo, as, are, avi, atum amicitia, ae (f) amicus, i (m) amo, as, are, avi, atum aperio, is, ire, ui, tum aqua, ae (f) ars, artis (f) asper, era, erum audio, is, ire, ivi, itum avis, is (f) bonus, a, um causa, ae (f) caveo, es, ere, cavi, cautum clamor, oris (m) clarus,a,um claudo, is, ere, clausi, clausum cupio, is,ere,ivi, itum cursus, us (m) dea, ae (f) debeo, es, ere,ui, itum dico, is, ere, dixi, dictum dies, ei (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) domus, us (f) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) equus, i (m) fabula, ae (f) fides, ei (f) hic, haec, hoc idem, eadem, idem ille, illa, illud judex, icis (m) liber, libri (m) lingua, ae (f) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) magnus,a,um manus, us (f) mitto, is, ere, si, ssum mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oculus, i (m) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) provincia, ae (f) pulcher, chra, chrum res, ei (f) rex, regis (m) scriba, ae (m) servus, i (m) silva, ae (f) sol, solis (m) spes, ei (f) statuo, is, ere, ui, utum vicinus, i (m) video, es, ere, vidi, visum vir, viri (m)
Les mots en rouge sont des noms. accipio, is, ere, cepi, ceptum adulescens, entis (m) aequus, a, um aetas, atis (f) ago, is, ere, egi, actum agricola, ae (m) ambulo, as, are, avi, atum amicitia, ae (f) amicus, i (m) amo, as, are, avi, atum aperio, is, ire, ui, tum aqua, ae (f) ars, artis (f) asper, era, erum audio, is, ire, ivi, itum avis, is (f) bonus, a, um causa, ae (f) caveo, es, ere, cavi, cautum clamor, oris (m) clarus, a, um claudo, is, ere, clausi, clausum cupio, is, ere, ivi, itum cursus, us (m) dea, ae (f) debeo, es, ere, ui, itum dico, is, ere, dixi, dictum dies, ei (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) domus, us (f) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) equus, i (m) fabula, ae (f) fides, ei (f) hic, haec, hoc idem, eadem, idem ille, illa, illud judex, icis (m) liber, libri (m) lingua, ae (f) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) magnus, a, um manus, us (f) mitto, is, ere, si, ssum mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oculus, i (m) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) provincia, ae (f) pulcher, chra, chrum res, ei (f) rex, regis (m) scriba, ae (m) servus, i (m) silva, ae (f) sol, solis (m) spes, ei (f) statuo, is, ere, ui, utum vicinus, i (m) video, es, ere, vidi, visum vir, viri (m)
Les mots en vert sont des adjectifs qualificatifs. accipio, is, ere, cepi, ceptum aequus, a, um ago, is, ere, egi, actum ambulo, as, are, avi, atum amo, as, are, avi, atum aperio, is, ire, ui, tum asper, era, erum audio, is, ire, ivi, itum bonus, a, um caveo, es, ere, cavi, cautum clarus, a, um claudo, is, ere, clausi, clausum cupio, is, ere, ivi, itum debeo, es, ere, ui, itum dico, is, ere, dixi, dictum hic, haec, hoc idem, eadem, idem ille, illa, illud magnus, a, um mitto, is, ere, si, ssum pulcher, chra, chrum statuo, is, ere, ui, utum video, es, ere, vidi, visum
Les mots en violet sont des pronoms ou adjectifs démonstratifs. accipio, is, ere, cepi, ceptum ago, is, ere, egi, actum ambulo, as, are, avi, atum amo, as, are, avi, atum aperio, is, ire, ui, tum audio, is, ire, ivi, itum caveo, es, ere, cavi, cautum claudo, is, ere, clausi, clausum cupio, is, ere, ivi, itum debeo, es, ere, ui, itum dico, is, ere, dixi, dictum hic, haec, hoc idem, eadem, idem ille, illa, illud mitto, is, ere, si, ssum statuo, is, ere, ui, utum video, es, ere, vidi, visum
Tous les mots restants sont des verbes. accipio, is, ere, cepi, ceptum ago, is, ere, egi, actum ambulo, as, are, avi, atum amo, as, are, avi, atum aperio, is, ire, ui, tum audio, is, ire, ivi, itum caveo, es, ere, cavi, cautum claudo, is, ere, clausi, clausum cupio, is, ere, ivi, itum debeo, es, ere, ui, itum dico, is, ere, dixi, dictum mitto, is, ere, si, ssum statuo, is, ere, ui, utum video, es, ere, vidi, visum
Observons les noms. adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) amicus, i (m) aqua, ae (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) causa, ae (f) clamor, oris (m) cursus, us (m) dea, ae (f) dies, ei (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) domus, us (f) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) equus, i (m) fabula, ae (f) fides, ei (f) judex, icis (m) liber, libri (m) lingua, ae (f) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) manus, us (f) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oculus, i (m) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) provincia, ae (f) res, ei (f) rex, regis (m) scriba, ae (m) servus, i (m) silva, ae (f) sol, solis (m) spes, ei (f) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m)
Il faut lire : adulescens, adulescentis (m) Voici un exemple : adulescens, entis (m) Il faut lire : adulescens, adulescentis (m) La 1ère forme est le NOMINATIF singulier La 2ème forme est le GENITIF singulier Cette lettre indique le genre
Il faut lire : aetas, aetatis (f) Autre exemple : aetas, atis (f) Il faut lire : aetas, aetatis (f) La 1ère forme est le NOMINATIF singulier La 2ème forme est le GENITIF singulier Cette lettre indique le genre
Il faut lire : fabula, fabulae (f) Troisième exemple : fabula, ae (f) Il faut lire : fabula, fabulae (f) La 1ère forme est le NOMINATIF singulier La 2ème forme est le GENITIF singulier Cette lettre indique le genre
Observons le nominatif des noms. adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) amicus, i (m) aqua, ae (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) causa, ae (f) clamor, oris (m) cursus, us (m) dea, ae (f) dies, ei (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) domus, us (f) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) equus, i (m) fabula, ae (f) fides, ei (f) judex, icis (m) liber, libri (m) lingua, ae (f) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) manus, us (f) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oculus, i (m) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) provincia, ae (f) res, ei (f) rex, regis (m) scriba, ae (m) servus, i (m) silva, ae (f) sol, solis (m) spes, ei (f) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m)
Combien de formes différentes ? adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) amicus, i (m) aqua, ae (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) causa, ae (f) clamor, oris (m) cursus, us (m) dea, ae (f) dies, ei (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) domus, us (f) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) equus, i (m) fabula, ae (f) fides, ei (f) judex, icis (m) liber, libri (m) lingua, ae (f) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) manus, us (f) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oculus, i (m) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) provincia, ae (f) res, ei (f) rex, regis (m) scriba, ae (m) servus, i (m) silva, ae (f) sol, solis (m) spes, ei (f) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m)
Maintenant, combien de génitifs différents ? adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) amicus, i (m) aqua, ae (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) causa, ae (f) clamor, oris (m) cursus, us (m) dea, ae (f) dies, ei (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) domus, us (f) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) equus, i (m) fabula, ae (f) fides, ei (f) judex, icis (m) liber, libri (m) lingua, ae (f) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) manus, us (f) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oculus, i (m) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) provincia, ae (f) res, ei (f) rex, regis (m) scriba, ae (m) servus, i (m) silva, ae (f) sol, solis (m) spes, ei (f) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m)
Il y a cinq génitifs différents : adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) amicus, i (m) aqua, ae (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) causa, ae (f) clamor, oris (m) cursus, us (m) dea, ae (f) dies, ei (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) domus, us (f) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) equus, i (m) fabula, ae (f) fides, ei (f) judex, icis (m) liber, libri (m) lingua, ae (f) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) manus, us (f) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oculus, i (m) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) provincia, ae (f) res, ei (f) rex, regis (m) scriba, ae (m) servus, i (m) silva, ae (f) sol, solis (m) spes, ei (f) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m)
Il y a cinq génitifs différents : agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) aqua, ae (f) causa, ae (f) dea, ae (f) fabula, ae (f) lingua, ae (f) provincia, ae (f) scriba, ae (m) silva, ae (f) amicus, i (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) equus, i (m) liber, libri (m) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) oculus, i (m) servus, i (m) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m) adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) clamor, oris (m) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) judex, icis (m) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) rex, regis (m) sol, solis (m) cursus, us (m) domus, us (f) manus, us (f) dies, ei (m) fides, ei (f) res, ei (f) spes, ei (f)
5 désinences du génitif = 5 déclinaisons agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) aqua, ae (f) causa, ae (f) dea, ae (f) fabula, ae (f) lingua, ae (f) provincia, ae (f) scriba, ae (m) silva, ae (f) amicus, i (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) equus, i (m) liber, libri (m) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) oculus, i (m) servus, i (m) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m) adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) clamor, oris (m) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) judex, icis (m) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) rex, regis (m) sol, solis (m) cursus, us (m) domus, us (f) manus, us (f) dies, ei (m) fides, ei (f) res, ei (f) spes, ei (f) 2 1 3 4 5
Observons les nominatifs en -us agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) aqua, ae (f) causa, ae (f) dea, ae (f) fabula, ae (f) lingua, ae (f) provincia, ae (f) scriba, ae (m) silva, ae (f) amicus, i (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) equus, i (m) liber, libri (m) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) oculus, i (m) servus, i (m) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m) adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) clamor, oris (m) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) judex, icis (m) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) rex, regis (m) sol, solis (m) cursus, us (m) domus, us (f) manus, us (f) dies, ei (m) fides, ei (f) res, ei (f) spes, ei (f) 2 1 3 4 5
Observons les noms de la 2ème déclinaison agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) aqua, ae (f) causa, ae (f) dea, ae (f) fabula, ae (f) lingua, ae (f) provincia, ae (f) scriba, ae (m) silva, ae (f) amicus, i (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) equus, i (m) liber, libri (m) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) oculus, i (m) servus, i (m) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m) adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) clamor, oris (m) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) judex, icis (m) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) rex, regis (m) sol, solis (m) cursus, us (m) domus, us (f) manus, us (f) dies, ei (m) fides, ei (f) res, ei (f) spes, ei (f) 2 1 3 4 5
Observons les nominatifs en -er agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) aqua, ae (f) causa, ae (f) dea, ae (f) fabula, ae (f) lingua, ae (f) provincia, ae (f) scriba, ae (m) silva, ae (f) amicus, i (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) equus, i (m) liber, libri (m) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) oculus, i (m) servus, i (m) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m) adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) clamor, oris (m) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) judex, icis (m) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) rex, regis (m) sol, solis (m) cursus, us (m) domus, us (f) manus, us (f) dies, ei (m) fides, ei (f) res, ei (f) spes, ei (f) 2 1 3 4 5
Observons les nominatifs de la 3ème déclinaison agricola, ae (m) amicitia, ae (f) aqua, ae (f) causa, ae (f) dea, ae (f) fabula, ae (f) lingua, ae (f) provincia, ae (f) scriba, ae (m) silva, ae (f) amicus, i (m) discipulus, i (m) dominus, i (m) equus, i (m) liber, libri (m) lupus, i (m) magister, tri (m) oculus, i (m) servus, i (m) vicinus, i (m) vir, viri (m) adulescens, entis (m) aetas, atis (f) ars, artis (f) avis, is (f) clamor, oris (m) dux, ducis (m) eques, itis (m) judex, icis (m) mons, montis (m) mulier, eris (f) oratio, onis (f) pater, tris (m) piscis, is (m) rex, regis (m) sol, solis (m) cursus, us (m) domus, us (f) manus, us (f) dies, ei (m) fides, ei (f) res, ei (f) spes, ei (f) 2 1 3 4 5
Récapitulons : comment lire le lexique ? Exemple : oratio, orationis (f) : un discours Nominatif Génitif Genre -is = DESINENCE oration- = RADICAL
Récapitulons : savoir repérer la déclinaison Au nominatif singulier, les noms peuvent être très différents entre eux. Mais il n’y a que cinq désinences possibles au GÉNITIF SINGULIER, chacune correspond à une des CINQ DÉCLINAISONS : 1ère 2ème 3ème 4ème 5ème -ae -i -is -us -ei
On apprend les déclinaisons à l’aide de modèles : Exemples : 1ère 2ème 3ème 4ème 5ème Rosa, rosae (une rose) Dominus, domini (un maître ) Lex, legis (une loi) Manus, manus (une main) Dies, diei (un jour)