Systèmes distribués Le futur des systèmes dinformation est: Networked Diverse Numerous Mobile Ubiquitous Systèmes multiagents Middlewares: CORBA JINI HLA WOS etc.

Systèmes Multiagents Ensemble de plusieurs agents logiciels capables dinteragir en vue de : Copyright, 2K © DAMAS Coopérer Coéxister Compétionner

Systèmes Multiagents Chaque agent possède des informations et des compétences restreintes Copyright, 2K © DAMAS Pas de système central de contrôle Données et informations décentralisées Fonctionnement asynchrone

Communication Efficacité d'un système multiagent dépend de l'efficacité de ses communications. Utilisation de JatLite. Utilisation de KQML. Création d'un langage de requête NetSA. Copyright, 2K © DAMAS

JatLite Java Agent Template Lite (Stanford). Ensemble de classes Java pour la communication entre agents. Utilisation d'un routeur de messages (AMR). Renforce la robustesse du SMA. Très utile pour les agents mobiles et les applets. Copyright, 2K © DAMAS

KQML Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language. Basé sur les actes du langage. Contenu Message Communication Émetteur Récepteur Nature de la communication Langage Ontologie Acte du langage Contenu du message Copyright, 2K © DAMAS

KQML (suite) Sender : Agent-Appelant Receiver : Agent-Ressource Performative : ask-one Reply-with : In-reply-to :null Context:db-query Content :[in] First-name = "Marc"; Last-name = "Côté"; NAS = ; [out] Salary; Age; Sex; KQML KQML (étendu) Copyright, 2K © DAMAS

Architecture Multi-agent Architecture générique pour un système à laide de décision basée sur larchitecture NetSA

Systèmes globaux –Virtual communities: shared contexts and adaptive, dynamic management of federations –Generic system and programming environment: versioning for flexibility and self-organization, common communication protocol –Metacomputing/Grid computing: Transparent remote execution and transparent distributed file system access any-time, any-where, any-service, any-medium The WOS for

WOS Overview Each node is client and server at the same time The nodes may form communities Each node maintains information warehouses Uniform communication layer Minimal set of services –Search and discovery –Warehouse management WOS Communication Layer Remote Resource Control Unit (RRCU) Resource Control Unit (RCU) Client Side WOS Node Server Side WOS Node Graphical User Interface Ware- house The WOS is a set of versioned nodes where each node offers a minimal set of services

WOS Noeud Local Host: CPU Time Memory Access Services (hardware and software) Remote Resource Control Search Control User Resource Control Execution Control Job Control Network WOSRP/WOSP Search Results User Profiles List of Shared Resources Application Programming Interface User Interface Host Machine Manager Eduction & Search Engine Warehouse Eduction & Search Engine Warehouse User Manager

Web Operating System - Warehouses Resource database Resource management Resource cache Passive Warehouses – storage for service information – information out of date, must be replaced Active Warehouses – information obtained from which other warehouse Adaptive Warehouses – user profiles and access statistics: update of information

Web Operating System - Resources Versioned Services Applications Platforms Hardware …

Web Operating System - Eductive Engines ? Provides services using a warehouse Reactive system Responds to requests Eduction (Oxford English Dictionary): The action of drawing forth, eliciting, or developing from a state of latent, rudimentary, or potential existence; the action of educing (principles, results or calculations) from the data.

Web Operating System - WOS Node ? Eductive engine + Warehouse

Web Operating System - WOSNet ? ? ??????? Network of WOS Nodes Eductive engine Warehouse ???

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Communication dans le WOS Composante centrale du WOS –Cest le glue du système Le WOS Protocol (WOSP) –Simple syntaxe générique –Extensible : une version de WOSP Est la spécialisation de la syntaxe générique Définie la sémantique de communication pour une classe de services Le WOS Request Protocol (WOSRP) –Localisation de nœuds WOS –Échange dinformation sur des versions WOSP version –Établissement de WOSP connexions

WOS interfaces

WOS for High Performance Computing Using the WOS for HPC configuration phase –Locating remote nodes that can potentially execute an HPC application –Reserving remote resources on these nodes Using the WOS for HPC set-up phase –Distributing the HPC application code and data –Potentially, compiling HPC application on demand –Launching the HPC application The HPC application relies on its own communication scheme for execution

WOS for HPC: Locating potential nodes

WOS for HPC: reserving resources

Système global

Intégration de « Smart networked Objects » « smart » : nécessite une certaine intelligence Réseaux spontanés Communautés Communication transparente Human Computer Interfaces appropriés