Les auxiliaires modaux

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Transcription de la présentation:

Les auxiliaires modaux Modal auxiliaries Les auxiliaires modaux

What is a modal verb? could can may might must ought to shall should would will Modal verbs are unconjugated English verbs which express the mood of a verb: Ability , possibility, condition and necessity

What is a modal verb in French? French does not have any modal verbs! This makes it difficult to translate them: You need to understand the meaning of the English modal verb before finding the best French equivalent. You can use a verb such as pouvoir (can,may) or devoir (must, ought to). You could also just use a specific tense (past or conditional) of the verb following the English modal verb You will need to know the various tenses: present, imperfect and conditional.

Can :Pouvoir Can indique que le sujet peut, ou ne peut pas faire quelque chose parce qu’il est capable (ou non) ou que cela lui est possible ou impossible Je peux le faire. I can do it Pouvez-vous m’aider? Can you help me? Je peux vous aider? / Puis-je vous aider? Can I help you? Nous ne pouvons venir à six heures mais nous pouvons venir à sept heures. We can’t come at 6 o’clock but we can come at 7.00 Je ne peux pas le voir. I can’t see him / I am not allowed to see him.

Can’t: 1. exprime le contraire de la probabilité: Ça ne peut pas être elle ! (mais ça doit être elle !) It can’t be her ! (but it must be her) Ça ne peut pas être vrai! (mais ça doit l’être) It can’t be true! (but it must be) 2. le droit ou l’interdiction absolus Vous pouvez entrer mais vous ne pouvez/devez pas parler. You can come in but you cannot speak.

could / could have Could can be past or conditional in English, therefore it is a good idea to convert it to « to be able  » first: 1. Nous voulions faire des courses mais nous ne pouvions pas/ n’avons pas pu parce que c’était dimanche! We wanted to do some shopping but we could not (= we were not able ) because it was Sunday! 2. J’ai essayé de compléter ce puzzle en 15 minutes, mais je n’ai pas pu! I tried to complete this puzzle in 15 minutes but I couldn’t (=I wasn’t able to) 3. Je parie que tu ne pourrais pas compléter ce puzzle en 15 minutes. I bet you that you couldn’t finish this puzzle in 15 minutes. 4. Il n’ont pas pu voir le vélo car il faisait noir. They couldn’t have seen the bike as it was dark. (= it was impossible that they saw it)

Il exprime soit l’autorisation, soit l’éventualité. may / might Il exprime soit l’autorisation, soit l’éventualité. L’autorisation: Tu peux sortir ce soir? May you go out tonight? (are you allowed or are you able to) Puis-je aller au cinéma? May I go to the cinema? (Do you give me permission?) Tu pourras y aller si tu as fini tes devoirs. You will be able to go if you have finished you homework. Tu pourrais y aller demain. You would be allowed to go tomorrow

may / might :l’éventualité. Remarque:Il se peut que + Subjonctif 1. Il se peut qu’elle arrive à midi. Elle arrivera peut-être à midi. Elle pourrait arriver à midi. She may/ might arrive at noon 2. Il se peut que je doive partir tôt. Je devrais peut-être partir tôt. I may / might have to leave early 3. Il se peut qu’ils soient déjà partis. They may have left already. 4. Il se pourrait qu’ils soient déjà partis. They might have left already. 5. Il se peut qu’ils ne soient pas ici. They may not be here.

Devoir or falloir (verbe impersonnel: Il faut) must / ought to / should Devoir or falloir (verbe impersonnel: Il faut) 1. Je dois finir mes devoirs avant de pouvoir sortir. Il faut que je finisse mes devoirs avant de pouvoir sortir. I must finish my homework before being allowed to go out. 2.J’ai dû finir mes devoirs avant de pouvoir sortir Il fallait que je finisse mes devoirs avant de pouvoir sortir. I had to finish my homework before being allowed to go out. 3. Il ne faut pas marcher sur la pelouse. You must not walk on the grass. 4.Nous devrons faire le plein avant de partir. Il faudra faire le plein avant de partir. We’ll have to fill up before leaving. 5. Tu devrais voir ce que j’ai fait! You should / ought to see what I did!

will / would (future/ conditional) + A. Willingness to do something: Vouloir + infinitive 1. Je continuais à appeler le chien,mais il ne voulait pas venir. I kept calling the dog but he wouldn’t come. 2. Les enfants ne voulaient pas manger les choux de Bruxelles. The children didn’t want to eat the Brussels sprouts. + B “Would” sometimes means “used to” and in this case you should use the imperfect. 1. Le dimanche, mes grands-parents allaient à l’église le matin et l’après-midi! On Sundays, my grandparents would go to church in the morning and in the afternoon! 2. Nous faisions de longues randonnées et mangions dans un restaurant de campagne. We would go for long walks and would eat in a country restaurant.