Laboratory of Production engineering, Energy and Sustainable Development (L.P.E.S.D.), higher school of technology, USMBA University, Fez, Morocco Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software IRSEC'15 3rd International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference Authors : Saad MOTAHHIR Abdelaziz El Ghzizal Souad Sebti Aziz Derouich 11/12/2015

Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Plan Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion  11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software 3 3 11-12-2015

Simulation and validation of the model Implement the P&O algorithm Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion Simulation and validation of the model Datasheet Present the problematic Modeling Model Solution f Modified algorithm by C language simulate the change impact of Implement the P&O algorithm Load analogic 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Modeling a photovoltaic panel Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion Modeling a photovoltaic panel 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software 5 5

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion Cell model – Panel model - Problematic & Solution Rs,c I,c + Id,c Ish,c Modeling Iph,c Rsh,c V,c - 𝐼 ,𝑐 = I ph , c − 𝐼 0 , 𝑐 𝑒𝑥𝑝 𝑞 𝑉 ,𝑐 + 𝑅 𝑠 , 𝑐 𝐼 ,𝑐 𝑎𝐾𝑇 −1 − ( 𝑉 ,𝑐 + 𝑅 𝑠 , 𝑐 𝐼 ,𝑐 ) 𝑅 𝑠ℎ , 𝑐 (1) V,c : The voltage across the cell; I,c : The current generated by the cell ; Rs,c : The series resistors of the cell; Rsh,c : The shunt resistors of the cell. Iph,c : The cell photocurrent; I0,c : The cell reverse saturation current of the diode; q : The electron charge; a : The ideality factor of the diode; K : The Boltzmann's constant; T :The junction temperature; 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion Cell model - Panel model - Problematic & Solution 𝑘=1 𝑛 Cell Panel The IV characteristic of this panel is represented by the following equations : 𝐼= 𝐼 𝑝ℎ − 𝐼 𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑝 𝑞 𝑉+ 𝑅 𝑠 𝐼 𝑎𝐾𝑇 𝑁 𝑠 −1 − (𝑉+ 𝑅 𝑠 𝐼) 𝑅 𝑠ℎ Where: 𝐼 𝑝ℎ = 𝐼 𝑠𝑐 + 𝐾 𝑖 𝑇−298.15 𝐺 1000   𝐼 0 = 𝐼 𝑠𝑐 + 𝐾 𝑖 (𝑇−298.15) exp 𝑞 𝑉 𝑜𝑐 + 𝐾 𝑣 𝑇−298.15 𝑎𝐾𝑇 𝑁 𝑠 −1 (2) (3) (4) Ns : The number of cells connected in series; G : Sun irradiation in w/m2. Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software 7 11-12-2015

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion Cell model - Panel model - Problematic & Solution " As a result, the complete physical behavior of the PV panel is related to I0, Rs and Rsh on the one hand and with two environmental parameters which are the solar irradiance and the temperature on the other hand. " Solarex MSX-60 is composed by 36 cells in series Maximum power, Pmax 60W Voltage at Pmax ,Vmp 17.1V Current at Pmax , Imp 3.5A Short-circuit current, Isc 3.8A Open-circuit voltage, Vco 21.1V Temperature coefficient of open-circuit voltage Voc, Kv -80mV/°C Temperature coefficient of short-circuit current Isc, Ki 2.4mA/°C The number of cells 36 Table 1 : Typical Electrical Characteristics of Solarex MSX-60 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion Cell model - Panel model - Problematic & Solution Based on the equations (1), (2) and (3), the modelization and simulation are obtained using Psim software as follow: 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion Cell model - Panel model – Problematic & Solution The power withdrawn from the PV panel depends on: Rmax R1 R2 Irradiation Temperature Load Simulation of PV panel connected directly to the load (without control) 51W 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

an embedded system (Implement MPPT algorithm).” Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion Cell model - Panel model – Problematic & Solution Converter DC/DC I Load V α MPPT command “ Insert between the PV panel and the load a converter DC/DC controlled by an embedded system (Implement MPPT algorithm).” 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Implement MPPT using embedded software Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion Implement MPPT using embedded software Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software 12 12 11-12-2015

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion DC/DC Converter - MPPT command The power electronic converter used is the Boost converter 𝐼 𝑜 L C1 C2 V R α 𝑉 𝑜 = 𝑉 1−𝛼 (6) (7) 𝐼 𝑜 =𝐼(1−𝛼 Where, α, V and I, Vo and Io are respectively the duty cycle, PV input voltage and current, the output voltage and current of the Boost converter. The duty cycle α, is the output of the MPPT command. 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion DC/DC Converter - MPPT command Basic Perturb and Observe The basic P&O algorithm is implemented using analog blocks : Implementation 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion DC/DC Converter - MPPT command Basic Perturb and Observe The basic P&O algorithm simulated in PSIM software “This method (P&O) generates oscillations of power output therefore the efficiency is not at the requested level (96.6%).” 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion DC/DC Converter - MPPT command Novel Perturb and Observe The novel P&O algorithm is designed in order to minimize the oscillation of power output The proposed MPPT is based on the conventional Perturb & Observe algorithm with two proposed additions : The command of Boost converter alpha (α) will be modified every 5 periods; When the power increases or decreases by a value lower than the epsilon threshold ε (where ε is considered as small positive real number), α keeps its value. It is implemented using embedded C language. The reason lies in the fact that once the MPPT is implemented using embedded C language it can be implemented in cheap digital devices (microcontroller, DSP…) because C language is portable and machine independant. 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion DC/DC Converter - MPPT command Implementation 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion DC/DC Converter - MPPT command The proposed P&O algorithm using embedded C language simulated in PSIM software “the oscillations of power output are decreasing. Also, our system takes just 0.005s to stabilize around the maximum power with an efficiency of 98.7%.” 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion DC/DC Converter - MPPT command The simulation study was made to illustrate the response of the proposed method to rapid solar irradiance change: “The system is stable, even at brutal change (from 800 to 500W/m²) the system presents the oscillations which last less than 0.005 s.” 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion DC/DC Converter - MPPT command The simulation study was made to change the temperature from 25°C to 35°C at 0.06 s : “The increase in temperature causes a decrease of power; however  this decline lasts only 0.01s. After the embedded software back the operating point and stabilizes it around the MPP.” 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Implement MPPT using embedded software Conclusion DC/DC Converter - MPPT command The simulation study was made to change the value of load from 50 Ω to 20 Ω : 50Ω “the decrease of load generates oscillations of power output  however  after 0.035s the system converges to MPP.” 11-12-2015 Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software

Conclusion and Perspectives Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Shading and bypass diode impact Conclusion Conclusion and Perspectives Impact of Partial Shading and bypass diode on PV panel Output Power 22 22 11-12-2015

Impact of Partial Shading and bypass diode on PV panel Output Power Introduction Modeling a photovoltaic panel Shading and bypass diode impact Conclusion Conclusion : A good efficiency (98.7%) is obtained compared to the basic P&O algorithm implemented by analog blocks; The novel method presents a good response to temperature, solar irradiance and load change. Perspective : Implement the novel method in cheap digital devices (microcontroller, DSP…). Impact of Partial Shading and bypass diode on PV panel Output Power 23 23 11-12-2015

Link of Paper: Link of Data: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7455057 https://www.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01351499/ Link of Data: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/m5yv5r2d6k/3

Please cite this work as: Motahhir, S., El Ghzizal, A., Sebti, S., & Derouich, A. (2015, December). Proposal and Implementation of a novel perturb and observe algorithm using embedded software. In 2015 3rd International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. For more papers and works please visit : https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Saad_Motahhir

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