The Present Subjunctive The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

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Transcription de la présentation:

The Present Subjunctive

The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

The Subjunctive l Japprends lespagnol pour le voyage à Espagne.

The Subjunctive l French has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

The Subjunctive l We use it to say what one person does or doesnt want, as well as to tell, suggest, or recommend what someone else should do.

The Subjunctive l A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que. l For example:

The Subjunctive l Je veux que tu respires lentement. l I want you to breathe slowly.

The Subjunctive l Je sugère que tu boive de leau avant de courir. l I suggest that you drink water before running.

The Subjunctive l Lextreneur demande que les athlètes etirent les muscles. l The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.

The Subjunctive l You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as il est necessaire… il est bien…and il est important…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.

The Subjunctive l Il est necessaire que tu fasses les exercices. l Its necessary that you do exercise. l Il est important que les jeunes gens mangent bien. l Its important that the young people eat well.

The Subjunctive l Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

2 Clauses Elle sugère que japprende le français. Independent clause (stands on its own) Subject > Verb Separated by the word que Dependent clause (cant stand on its own) Begins with the word que. Indicative Verb Subjunctive Verb

The Subjunctive l The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

The Subjunctive l Expressions that are often followed by the subjunctive include: Vouloir (i.e. Je veux) Il faut que Expressions of necessity : Il est necessaire que Il est essentiel que Il faudrait que Il vaudrait mieux que

The Subjunctive l Expressions of possibility or doubt: Il est possible que Il se peut que Je ne crois pas que Je ne pense pas que Ça métonnerait que Je ne suis pas sûr/e que Je ne suis pas certain/e que

The Subjunctive l The present subjuntive verb forms are based on the ils/elles forms of the present indicative.

The Subjunctive l Drop the indicative ending and add –e,-es,-e, -ions, -iez, -ent.

SAUTER – to jump que je saute que tu sautes quil saute quelle saute que nous sautions que vous sautiez quils sautent quelles sautent

SORTIR – to go out que je sorte que tu sortes quil sorte quelle sorte que nous sortions que vous sortiez quils sortent quelles sortent

REPONDRE – to respond que je réponde qu tu répondes quil réponde quelle réponde que nous répondions que vous répondiez quils répondent quelles répondent

The Subjunctive l Most irregular verbs in the -IR and –RE groups follow a regular pattern in the present subjunctive. These verbs include: lire, écrire, dormir, partir and mettre.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs l Certain irregular verbs have regular subjunctive stems but undergo spelling changes in the nous and vous forms that correspond to similar irregularities in the stem of the present indicative.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je croie que tu croies quil croie quelle croie que nous croyions que vous croyiez quils croient quelles croient CROIRE – to believe

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je voie que tu voies quil voie quelle voie que nous voyions que vous voyiez quils voient quelles voient VOIR – to see

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je prenne que tu prennes quil prenne quelle prenne que nous prenions que vous preniez quils prennent quelles prennent PRENDRE – to have, take

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je tienne que tu tiennes quil tienne quelle tienne que nous tenions que vous teniez quils tiennent quelles tiennent TENIR – to hold

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je boive que tu boives quil boive quelle boive que nous buvions que vous buviez quils boivent quelles boivent BOIRE – to drink

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je vienne que tu viennes quil vienne quelle vienne que nous venions que vous veniez quils viennent quelles viennent VENIR – to come

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs l Stem-changing verbs undergo the same spelling changes in the present subjunctive as in the present indicative.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que jachète que tu achètes quil achète quelle achète que nous achetions que vous achetiez quils achètent quelles achètent ACHETER – to buy

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que jappelle que tu appelles quil appelle quelle appelle que nous appelions que vous appeliez quils appellent quelles appellent APPELER – to call

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que jespère que tu espères quil espère quelle espère que nous espérions que vous espériez quils espèrent quelles espèrent ESPÉRER – to hope* *Préférir, répéter, protéger work the same way

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que jessaie que tu essaies quil essaie quelle essaie que nous essayions que vous essayiez quils essaient quelles essaient ESSAYER – to try* *Verbs ending in –ayer, -oyer and –uyer work the same way

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je jette que tu jettes quil jette quelle jette que nous jetions que vous jetiez quils jettent quelles jettent JETER – to throw

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je lève que tu lèves quil lève quelle lève que nous levions que vous leviez quils lèvent quelles lèvent LEVER – to raise* *Mener, Emmener, and Geler work the same way

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je mange que tu manges quil mange quelle mange que nous mangions que vous mangiez quils mangent quelles mangent MANGER – to eat* *Verbs ending in –ger work the same way

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs l A few verbs have totally irregular stems in the present subjunctive.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que jaie que tu aies quil aie quelle aie que nous ayons que vous ayez quils aient quelles aient AVOIR – to have

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je sois que tu sois quil soit quelle soit que nous soyons que vous soyez quils soient quelles soient ÊTRE – to be

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je veuille que tu veuilles quil veuille quelle veuille que nous voulions que vous vouliez quils veuillent quelles veuillent VOULOIR – to want

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je puisse que tu puisses quil puisse quelle puisse que nous puissions que vous puissiez quils puissent quelles puissent POUVOIR – to be able to

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que jaille que tu ailles quil aille quelle aille que nous allions que vous alliez quils aillent quelles aillent ALLER – to go

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je sache que tu saches quil sache quelle sache que nous sachions que vous sachiez quils sachent quelles sachent SAVOIR – to know

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs que je fasse que tu fasses quil fasse quelle fasse que nous fassions que vous fassiez quils fassent quelles fassent FAIRE – to do; to make