27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences1 Micromegas 2 ème partie : expériences P. Colas, Saclay CNSTN, Tunis 27 mars 2008

Micromegas : expériences2 PLAN DE LEXPOSE TPC, dérive et amplification Principe de fonctionnement de Micromegas Propriétés de Micromegas Stabilité et uniformité du gain, gap optimal Résolution en énergie Efficacité de collection et transparence aux électrons Réduction naturelle du retour des ions Fabrication de Micromegas microgrille et plots InGrid La technologie bulk Micromegas à anode résistive Détecteur digital 1 ère PARTIE Propriétés et fonctionnement

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences3 PLAN COMPASS CAST Le spectromètre de faisceau KABES La TPC T2K ND-280 Le Large Prototype pour lILC Détecteurs Micromegas de neutrons TPC pour la matière noire et les neutrinos 2 ème PARTIE – Expériences Micromegas

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences4 COMPASS MIP detection for measuring the nucleon spin structure High particle flow : 105 kHz/cm2 Sparks give less than 1 per mil dead time Space resolution < 70 m with 350 m strips The largest Micromegas so far (40x40 cm 2 ) In operation at CERN since 2002 efficiency>97% Going to hadrons and new non-magnetic cathodes in 2008 (with a new magnet)

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences5 CAST Solar Axion detection : con- version of solar axions in a LHC magnet -> observe low-energy X-rays 2D with overlayed crossed strips In operation at CERN since 2003 Improvements in progress (energy resolution, shielding, new detector, golden cathode to avoid copper fluorescence, new optics) CERN Axion Solar Telescope axions Transverse magnetic field (B) X ray detector L

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences6 CAST Low threshold : 600 eV ! Low background (fluorescence) CuCu Cu esca pe Fe escap e Ar Ar Low energy spectrum from Micromegas in CAST 6.5 keV X y

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences7 NA48/KABES Micromegas TPC for CP violation expt in operation at CERN from summer 2003 to end of Extension for K + -> project (25 micron gap)? KAon BEam Spectrometer T drift2 Micromegas Gap 50 μm Micromegas Gap 50 μm T drif t1 Tagged K track Space resolution from drift time measurement: 70 μm Time resolution: 0.6 ns Tagging with reconstructed K ± ± + - (T 0 ) KABES - (T 0 ) DCH Spectrometer (ns) X Station 1 or 2 - X Station 3 (cm)

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences8

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences9 Neutron detection Use a converter to extract alphas Numerous applications: neutron tomography, neutron detection in hostile environments

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences10 Numerous applications: neutron tomography, neutron detection in hostile environments

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences11

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences12 X-ray Radiography (Roentgen 1895) : see bones through skin and meat Neutron Radiography : see gas (H 2 ) through glass and metal Very useful for rocket engine studies

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences13 T2K : Tokai to Kamiokande Long Base Line neutrino experiment with an intense beam (0.75MW) Aiming at 13, and atmospheric oscillation measurements. 2 detectors: far (SK) and near at 280 m from target Off-axis beam JPARC currently under construction first beam 2009

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences14 T2K Physics Goals P(ν μ ν μ )1- cos 4 θ 13 sin 2 2θ 23 sin 2 (1.27 Δm 2 23 L/E ν ) 1-sin 2 (2θ 23 ) Δ(m 23 ) 2 E ν (MeV) P(ν μ ν e )sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 (1.27 Δm 2 13 L/E ν ) disappearance disappearance Need flux and spectrum measurement at ND280 detector Need flux and spectrum measurement at ND280 detector 5000 ev/year SK, 10 5 ev/year ND ev/year SK, 10 5 ev/year ND ev/5 years for sin 2 (2θ 13 )=0.1, BKG ev/5 years for sin 2 (2θ 13 )=0.1, BKG 15 Need ν e contamination at ND280 and study of other backgrounds Need ν e contamination at ND280 and study of other backgrounds

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences15 Purpose of ND280 Measure the neutrino spectrum before oscillation. Measure the intrinsic e beam contamination from and kaon decays. Measure the 0 production in Neutral Current with neutrino flux close to the one at SK. Measure the exclusive cross-sections at the relevant energies (< 1Gev). Measure nuclear effects that are relevant at these energies: –Proton and pion rescattering and charge exchange. B = 0.2 T

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences16 T2K Started in December 2004, should take data end TPCs stations; each with 2 planes of detector modules 3 TPC stations 1 m 2.5 m x y z Detector module From the beginning, think wide operating ranges, flexible hardware modular architecture, design staging

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences17 3 TPC 1 m 2,5 m The T2K TPC 1 of 6 TPC planes (12-modules) Outside magnetInside magnet 1 of 6 Data Concentrator Card 12 duplex Optical fibres x 6 Front End Mezzanine Card (FEM) 288 channel Front End Card (FEC) 1728 pad Micromegas plane Slow control network Optical fiber to/from DCC Power bar Low voltage Power supply 1 of 72 modules TCP/IP PC Linux 6 DCCs VME/PCI backplane bus Gigabit Ethernet DAQ control Detector B Detector A Global trigger Réseau 1 of 1728 Front-End ASIC AFTER 72 channel x 511 time buckets Switched capacitor array

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences18 AFTER SCA: 76x511 Cells Technology: AMS CMOS 0.35 m Number of transistors: 400,000 Area: 7546 m x 7139 m Package: LQFP 160 pins; 30 x 30 x 1.4 mm pitch: 0.65 mm Submission: 24 April 2006 Delivery: end of July 2006 Characterization: October 2006 – March 2007

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences19 ASIC 4 channel ADC Passive Components Connectors to detector plane 288 channel FE card Digital output ~25 cm ~12 cm Foresee FEC PRR in ~Q and production in ~Q2-Q3 2008

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences20 Foresee FEM Production Readiness Review in ~Q and production in ~Q Front-End Mezzanine

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences21 Detector Module Read-out Electronics 72-channel ASIC Quad-channel ADC digital Front-end Mezzanine card (FEM) Optical Transceiver FPGA 80-pin connector 288-channel analog Front-End Card (FEC) 1728-pad detector plane Slow-control Network - CANbus Fiber to DCC Low voltage power Data taking at CERN on Harp setup in Sept. 07 electronics was very stable during the 10-day period of data taking 84 modules in total

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences22 Production and Test Bench at CERN University of Geneva, Barcelona

CERN Rui de OliveiraTS-DEM 27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences23 Coverlay lamination Read-out board Detector developed cured tested

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27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences25

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences26 Bulk detectors are now very stable. Gains up to But run at Ar CF4 Isobutane 95:3:2

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences27 36x34 cm pads Pad pitch 6.9x9 mm 2

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences28 Gain about 800 ! 1 spark (100 nA) per 10 hours without beam.

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences29 Cluster space point resolution in T2K < 700 1m 2-pad clusters < 600 1m 2-pad clusters B=0.2T 1-pad clusters 1-pad clusters Improved space point for 2-pad clusters Larger fraction of > 1-pad clusters (low-noise FEE) Preliminary values of dE/dx resolution for ~ 35cm long tracks (E=160V/cm): % B=0.2T % B=0.4T should fulfill requested resolutions of 10% for ~70cm long tracks on both 1 GeV/c and dE/dx

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences30 Micromegas Panels for Large Prototype Resistive anode from the start -> resistive bulk Use of T2K electronics Several solutions for the resistive layer and the mesh under study

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences31 AFTER-chip based readout The most compact at present: 72 channels Very flexible : 10 to 100 MHz sampling, shaping: peaking time from 90 to 800 ns, can be switched off, zero suppression. Production decided last October 12. Will take place in Q ( channels for T2K, for LC-TPC LP)

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences32 HV Resistive layer grounding Av. Pad pitch 3.2 x 7 mm 24 rows x 72 pads MICROMEGAS + RESIST. FOIL PANEL

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences33 connector side Detector side

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences34 TimePix multi-chip panel 2x4 matrix SiProt+Ingrid 1 MUROS Pad ~ 2,8 x 6, 8 mm² Daisy-chained chips to be equipped with InGrids

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences35 ATLAS muon chambers for SLHC average single count rates for L=10 34 cm -2 s -1

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences36 ATLAS Micromegas R&D Collaboration Evaluate possible use of micromegas for ATLAS muon chamber upgrade programme EoI submitted in February 2007 to ATLAS Upgrade Office Proposal submitted in June 2007 Expect approval by ATLAS EB in the near future participating Institutes so far; with growing interest... Regular weekly meetings at CERN since February TWiki page

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences37 Goals Phase I: Build and evaluate small prototype(s) based on micromegas technology to –get familiar with technology –demonstrate required performance Decide on –Operating parameters (gas, gas gain, HV, etc...) –Readout pattern & electronics Phase II: Develop techniques for the construction of large-size detectors (1m x 2m)

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences38 The mesh(es) Prototype 1 (P1) Homogeneous stainless steel mesh 325 lines/inch = 78 µm pitch wire diameter: 20–25 µm Prototype 2 (P2) Unidirectional stainless steel/plastic mesh 200 lines/inch = 127 µm pitch wire diameter: 40–45 µm Mesh–readout electrode distance: 128 µm

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences39 2/17/1439 Prototype assembling Al frame on both sides Cathode mounting Assembled chamber

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences40 Dark matter search Look for recoiling nuclei (few 100 keV) Directionality : see the wind of wimps : 24h-modulation of the direction Many projects, many of them use Micromegas Negative ion TPC : take an attaching gas (CS 2, CH 3 NO 3 ), drift negative ions, they are stripped in the amplification region. Very slow drift, but very low diffusion More neutrino physics Neutrinoless double-beta decay in 136 Xe

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences41 CONCLUSION Micromegas est un détecteur très versatile, capable de détecter les particules chargées, les neutrons, les photons, à haut flux, avec une haute résolution (E,t,x), peu de matière, en grandes surfaces, à bas coût, facile à faire fonctionner, robuste, doté de bonnes propriétés de vieillissement, etc… Le matériel pour ces talks vient principalement de: IEEE/MPGD workshops, San Diego, October 29, 2006 and Honolulu, October 28, 2007, CERN, September 11, rd Symposium on Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Events, Paris, December 11-12, 2006 Travaux récents à Aachen, DESY, KEK, CERN, Carleton, Saclay…

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences42 Remerciements A tous mes collègues à qui jai emprunté des transparents ou des plots: I. Giomataris, B. Peyaud, T. Lux, E. Mazzucato, M. Zito, D. Calvet, J. Wotschak, R. de Oliveira, S. Andriamonje, M. Dixit, M. Riallot, A. Delbart, D. Attié, M. Chefdeville, S. Biagi, J. Martoff Pour les animations : Gilles Barouch, Dan Burke, D. Attié Questions/remarques: Le matériel pour ces talks vient principalement de: IEEE/MPGD workshops, San Diego, October 29, 2006 and Honolulu, October 28, 2007, CERN, September 11, rd Symposium on Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Events, Paris, December 11-12, 2006 Travaux récents à Aachen, DESY, KEK, CERN, Carleton, Saclay…

27 mars 2008Micromegas : expériences43 Information RD51 workshop April in Amsterdam – IEEE/NSS in Dresden October – Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Events (Paris, December 18-19)