2 nd SEMESTER EXAM FLIP CHART FRENCH 2

The Partitive The partitive articles express the idea of some, any, or part of a whole item The forms of the partitive change to DE(D’) in a negative sentence or after words of quantity like beaucoup. MasculineFeminineVowel (singular) Plural Du du sucre De la de la farine De l’ de l’huile Des des épices

The Partitive Examples – Il y a de la farine, mais il n’y a pas d’ail. – Il y a beaucoup de tomates. To talk about a whole item us the indefinite article un or une. – Nous achetons une tarte aux pommes. – Je veux une pastèque. When talking about likes/ dislikes /preferences or starting a sentence use le, la, l’ or les – These NEVER change…even in the negative

Direct Object Pronouns A direct object is the person or thing receiving the action of the verb Me = me nous = us Te = you Singular or informal vous = you Plural or formal Le/La = him/her/itLes = them

Direct Object Pronouns In the present tense, the direct object pronoun goes before the conjugated verb – J’envoie la lettre. – Je l’envoie. If there is an infinitive, place the direct object pronoun before the infinitive. – Je vais envoyer les cartes. – Je vais les envoyer

Indirect Object Pronouns An indirect object is the person who benefits from the action of the verb. In French indirect objects are almost ALWAYS preceded by à and are often used in giving and receiving.

Indirect Object Pronouns Place the indirect object pronoun before the conjugated verb. Me = (to)meNous = (to) us Te = (to) you Singular or informal Vous = (to) you Plural or formal Lui = (to) him/herLeur = (to) them

Indirect Object Pronouns Examples – Je parle à ma soeur. Je lui parle. – Je donne les fleurs à mes parents. Je leur donne les fleurs – Il va envoyer les lettres à moi. Il va m’envoyer les lettres.

Verbs with Spelling Changes Acheter = to buy – J’achètenous achetons – Tu achètesvous achetez – Il/elle achèteils/elles achètent – Verbs like acheter amener

Verbs with Spelling Changes Préférer =to prefer – Je préfèrenous préférons – Tu préfèresvous préférez – Il/elle préfèreils/elles préfèrent – Verbs like préférer espérer

Verbs with Spelling Changes Payer = to pay – Je paienous payons – Tu paiesvous payez – Il/elle paieils/elles paient – Verbs like Payer Envoyer nettoyer

IRREGULAR VERBS Vouloir = to want – Je veuxnous voulons – Tu veuxvous voulez – Il/elle veutils/elles veulent Pouvoir = to be able (can) – Je peuxnous pouvons – Tu peuxvous pouvez – Il/elle peutils/elles peuvent

IRREGULAR VERBS Devoir = should / must – Je doisnous devons – Tu doisvous devez – Il/elle doitils/elles doivent Boire = to drink – Je boisnous buvons – Tu boisvous buvez – Il/elle boitils/elles boivent

Irregular Verbs Connaître = to know people/places – Je connaisnous conaissons – Tu connaisvous conaissez – Il/elle connaîtils/elles conaissent Savoir = to know information – Je saisnous savons – Tu saisvous savez – Il/elle saitils/elles savent

Irregular Verbs Dire = to say – Je disnous disons – Tu disvous dites – Il/elle ditils/elles disent Lire = to read – Je lisnous lisons – Tu lisvous lisez – Il/elle litils/elles lisent

Irregular Verbs Écrire = to write – J’ écrisnous écrivons – Tu écrisvous écrivez – Il/elle écritils/elles écrivent

Reflexive Verbs Reflexive verbs are used when the same person performs and receives the action of the verb The reflexive pronoun helps you identify the reflexive verb Reflexive pronouns can only be used with the subject they agree with – Je me _____nous nous _____ – Tu te _____vous vous _____ – Il/elle se _____ils/elles se ________

Reflexive Verbs Examples – Je me lave = I wash myself – Nous nous brossons les dents – Elles se maquillent. = They put on make-up Ne…pas goes around the reflexive pronoun and the verb – Nous ne nous levons pas. – Tu ne te lave pas les mains

Reflexive Verbs – S’habiller – Se brosser – Se peigner – Se réveiller – Se maquiller – Se raser – Se coiffer

FUTUR PROCHE AND REFLEXIVE When saying that you are going to do something to yourself in the immediate future, you follow this format: – Subject + aller + se + 2 nd verb not conjugated – Example: Je vais me coucher = I’m going to go to bed (myself) The reflexive pronoun still agrees with the subject, even though the verb is in the infinitive form.

The Imperative of Reflexive Verbs Use the TU, NOUS or VOUS form of the verb without a subject When you make an positive command, add the reflexive pronoun to the end with a hyphen. – Lave- toi(Tu form of the verb) – Couchez-vous(vous form of the verb) – Dépêchons-nous(nous form of the verb) NOTE: Te -> toi in an affirmative command

The imperative of Reflexive Verbs NOTE 2: in command form, drop the ‘s’ from the TU form of ER verbs only. In a negative command using reflexive verbs, place the reflexive pronoun immediately before the verb and ne…pas around both the pronoun and verb – Ne te lave pas! – Ne vous couchez pas tard! – Ne nous dépêchons pas!

Reflexive Verbs in the Passé Composé ALL REFLEXIVE VERBS USE ETRE AS A HELPING VERB IN THE PASSE COMPOSE – Sub + se + etre + past participle of verb (é) In most cases, the past participle agrees with the reflexive pronoun (and the subject) in gender and number – Elle s’est levée – Elles se sont maquillées.

Reflexive Verbs in the Passé Composé The past participle does not agree when there is a direct object in the sentence – Anne s’est lavée. Ann washed herself – Anne s’est lavé les cheveux Ann washed her hair.

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