©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 1 Chapitre 1.1 Ordinateurs : Organisation Matérielle.

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1 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 1 Chapitre 1.1 Ordinateurs : Organisation Matérielle

2 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 2 The Sequential Computer Data Memory Arithmetic Unit Control Unit Program Memory Program Interface Input Interface Output Interface

3 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 3 Input-Output Devices

4 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 4 Printer

5 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 5 Process Control I/O

6 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 6 The Sequential Computer Data Memory Arithmetic Unit Control Unit Program Memory Program Interface Input Interface Output Interface

7 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 7 Memories 00000000010001000011 00100001010011000111 01000010010101001011 01100011010111001111 10000100011001000011 10100101011011010111 11000110011101011011 11100111011111011111

8 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 8 The Sequential Computer Data Memory Arithmetic Unit Control Unit Program Memory Program Interface Input Interface Output Interface

9 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 9 Instructions Format OPCOP1OP2RESNEXT OPCOP1OP2NEXT1NEXT2 Information handling instructions Control instructions

10 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 10 Data Memory Arithmetic Unit Control Unit Program Memory Program Interface Electronic Lock 456 123 *0# 789

11 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 11 KFL = KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 Data Memory Arithmetic Unit Control Unit Program Memory ND = SC = p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

12 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 12 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = SC = COPY#0ND P2 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

13 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 13 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = COPY#0ND P2 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

14 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 14 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = COPY#0SC P3 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

15 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 15 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = 0 COPY#0SC P3 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

16 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 16 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = 0 EQ?KFL#0P3P4 (KFL = 0) = TRUE p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

17 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 17 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = 0 EQ?KFL#0P3P4 (KFL = 0) = TRUE p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

18 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 18 KFL = 1 KDA = 3 DDA = 45 6 12 3 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = 0 EQ?KFL#0P3P4 (KFL = 0) = FALSE p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

19 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 19 KFL = 1 KDA = 3 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = 0 (0 * 10) = 0 MULSC#10SC P5 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

20 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 20 KFL = 1 KDA = 3 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = 0 (0 + 3) = 3 ADDSCKDASCP 6 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

21 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 21 KFL = 1 KDA = 3 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = 3 (0 + 3) = 3 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7 ADDSCKDASCP 6

22 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 22 KFL = 1 KDA = 3 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = 3 COPY#0KFL P7 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

23 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 23 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = 3 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7 COPY#0KFL P7

24 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 24 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 0 SC = 3 (0 + 1) = 1 ADD ND #1 ND P8 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

25 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 25 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 3 (0 + 1) = 1 ADD ND #1 ND P8 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

26 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 26 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 3 (1 # 3) = TRUE NE?ND#3P3P9 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

27 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 27 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 3 (0 = 0) = TRUE EQ?KFL#0P3 P4 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

28 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 28 KFL = 1 KDA = 2 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 3 (1 = 0) = FALSE EQ?KFL#0P3 P4 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

29 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 29 KFL = 1 KDA = 2 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 3 (3 * 10) = 30 MULSC#10SC P5 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

30 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 30 KFL = 1 KDA = 2 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 30 (3 * 10) = 30 MULSC#10SC P5 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

31 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 31 KFL = 1 KDA = 2 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 30 (30 + 2) = 32 ADDSCKDASC P6 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

32 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 32 KFL = 1 KDA = 2 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 32 (30 + 2) = 32 ADDSCKDASC P6 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

33 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 33 KFL = 1 KDA = 2 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 32 COPY#0KFL P7 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

34 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 34 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 32 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7 COPY#0KFL P7

35 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 35 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 1 SC = 32 (1 + 1) = 2 ADDND#1ND P8 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

36 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 36 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 32 (1 + 1) = 2 ADDND#1ND P8 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

37 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 37 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 32 (2 # 3) = TRUE NE?ND#3P3P8 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

38 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 38 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 32 (0 = 0) = TRUE EQ?KFL#0P3 P4 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

39 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 39 KFL = 1 KDA = 1 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 32 (1 = 0) = FALSE EQ? KFL#0P3 P4 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

40 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 40 KFL = 1 KDA = 1 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 32 (32 * 10) = 320 MULSC#10SC P5 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

41 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 41 KFL = 1 KDA = 1 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 320 (32 * 10) = 320 MULSC#10SC P5 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

42 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 42 KFL = 1 KDA = 1 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 320 (320 + 1) = 321 ADDSCKDASC P6 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

43 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 43 KFL = 1 KDA = 1 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 321 (320 + 1) = 321 ADDSCKDASC P6 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

44 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 44 KFL = 1 KDA = 1 DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 321 COPY#0KFL P7 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

45 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 45 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 321 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7 COPY#0KFL P7

46 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 46 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 2 SC = 321 (2 + 1) = 3 ADDND#1ND P8 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

47 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 47 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 3 SC = 321 (2 + 1) = 3 ADDND#1ND P8 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

48 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 48 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 3 SC = 321 (3 # 3) = FALSE NE?ND#3P3P9 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

49 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 49 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 3 SC = 321 (321 # 321) = FALSE NE?SC#321P1P10 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

50 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 50 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 1 456 123 *0# 789 ND = 3 SC = 321 COPY#1DDAP1 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

51 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 51 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 78 9 ND = 3 SC = 321 COPY#0ND P2 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

52 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 52 KFL = 0 KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 78 9 ND = 0 SC = 321 COPY#0ND P2 p1 COPY #0NDP2 p2 COPY #0SCP3 p3 EQ? KFL#0P3P4 p4 MUL SC#10SCP5 p5ADDSCKDASCP6 p7 ADD ND#1NDP8 p8 NE? ND#3P3P9 p9 NE? SC#321P1P10 p10 COPY #1DDAP1 p6 COPY #0KFLP7

53 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 53 Instructions Format with P-Register OPCOP1OP2RESOPCOP1OP2NEXT Information handling instructions Control instructions

54 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 54 KFL = KDA = DDA = 456 123 *0# 789 Data Memory Arithmetic Unit Control Unit Program Memory ND = SC = p1 COPY #0ND p2 COPY #0SC p3 EQ? KFL#0P3 p4 MUL SC#10SC p5ADDSCKDASC p7 ADD ND#1ND p8 NE? ND#3P3 p9 NE? SC#321P1 p10 COPY #1DDA p6 COPY #0KFL p11 JUMP P1

55 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 55 The sequential Computer Data Memory Arithmetic Unit Control Unit Program Memory Program Interface Input Interface Output Interface

56 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 56 The “Von Neumann” Computer Data Memory Arithmetic Unit Control Unit Program Memory Program Interface Input Interface Output Interface

57 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 57 Memories 00000000010001000011 00100001010011000111 01000010010101001011 01100011010111001111 10000100011001000011 10100101011011010111 11000110011101011011 11100111011111011111

58 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 58 Cost of Memory Access time 10 -7 10 -8 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 10 0 S Relative cost per bit Semiconductor memories Magnetic memories Optical memories 1 1000

59 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 59 Semiconductor Memories (RAM, ROM, PROM) 083

60 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 60 Semiconductor Memories Read access time < 100 nS. Cost strongly influenced by access time RAM (“Random Access Memory “/ “Read And Modify”): –volatile ! –Read and write access times equal ROM (“Read Only Memory”): –non volatile –Can only be written in factory PROM (“Programmable Read Only Memory”): –non volatile –Can be written by the user –Write access time >> read access time

61 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 61 Peripheral Memories 14

62 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 62 Writing on magnetic memories i 000001111

63 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 63 Reading from a magnetic memory e 000001111 000001111

64 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 64 Manchester Code 0 00011111 i t

65 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 65 Data blocks HeaderData BlockCheck 0101010101...010101XXXXXXXXX Check = f(data block) Synchronization sequence

66 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 66 Disk Organization Sector Track Cylinder

67 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 67 Tracks/cylinder Cylinders Sectors/track Bytes/sector Total Capacity(in bytes) Double Density 2 80 9 512 737 280 High density 2 80 18 512 1 474 560 Format of 3.5” diskettes for PC’s.

68 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 68 Tracks/cylinder Cylinders Sectors/track Bytes/sector Total Capacity(in bytes) 4 16 383 Variable 512 12 072 517 632 Format of 12 GBytes Hard Disk. Total # sectors 23 579 136

69 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 69 Hard-disk drive (2) 17

70 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 70 Compact Disk Technology Laser Photodetector

71 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 71 Rewritable CD Technology Laser Photodetector

72 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 72 DVD Technology Laser Photodetector Laser Photodetector

73 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 73 The “Von Neumann” Computer Data Memory Arithmetic Unit Control Unit Program Memory Program Interface Input Interface Output Interface

74 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 74 Minimal Memory Hierarchy Registers Central Memory Disks CD-ROM Size (log scale) Speed Mostly Volatile Non- Volatile RAM In CPU RAM (+small ROM)

75 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 75 Traditional “Von Neumann” Computer Input-Output Equipment Central Memory Central Processing Unit Peripheral Memories

76 ©J.Tiberghien - ULB-VUB Version 2007 Première partie, chap. 1, page 76 Central Processor 76