Modélisation des habitats physiques Eunis

Présentation au sujet: "Modélisation des habitats physiques Eunis"— Transcription de la présentation:

1 Modélisation des habitats physiques Eunis
EUSeaMap (DG/MARE) Preparatory Action for development and assessment of a European broad-scale seabed habitat map Projet de cartographie Eunis des côtes de France (AAMP)

2 Cartographie des “Paysages marins” en Europe
The UKSeaMap, Mesh and Balance projects from 2004 to 2010 UKSeaMap ( ) MESH ( ) Balance ( ) ( ) Method Marine landscape Seabed features Seabed types (Eunis 3-4) Bedform features - Seabed types - Seabed features Data type Vector Raster Resolution Fine : 1 NM Fine : 300m Fine : 200m The overall objective of our project is… 2

3 Méthode : analyse de critères composant les niveaux Eunis
Nature du substrat Zones biologiques Energie sur le fond This is a schematic example with 3 physical data layers – let’s say depth, seabed salinity and sediment type. Different combinations of these variables (and others) will drive the distribution of habitats, as shown here by combination A and B. Our job is to identify the combinations which occur, through combining layers in GIS, and to work out which of these combinations are biologically relevant. In some areas, the EUNIS classification scheme is well developed, and combinations of physical variables are well reflected in the structure of EUNIS. In other areas (e.g. Mediterranean, Baltic) the EUNIS scheme is at an earlier stage, and we may find combinations which are not in EUNIS but which (if biologically validated) should present a more sensible set of higher classes – as well as producing seabed habitat maps, this project is an opportunity to test and, where necessary, recommend updates to EUNIS. 3

4 Exemple d’habitat de niveau 3 Eunis
High energy circalittoral rock Circalittoral zone High energy Rock

5 Définition des seuils de classes
High energy circalittoral rock Circalittoral zone High energy Rock Between 1 and 0.01% light at seabed Bed shear stress > 4 N*m-2 Rocky substratum

6 Définition des classes
de nature des fonds Secteur Atlantique (7 classes Folk définissant les niveaux Eunis) - Mud - Sandy mud - Muddy sand - Sand - Mixed sediment - Coarse sediment - Rock (inc. boulders) I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 6

7 Définition des “étages” de profondeur
Etage infralittoral: Défini par : données de terrain de forêts de laminaires en Atlantique cartes d’herbiers de Posidonies en Méditerranée I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 7

8 Habitats Eunis décrits en Atlantique
I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 8

9 Habitats de Méditerranée

10 Habitats Eunis à la résolution de 250 m
I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 10

11 Habitats Eunis à la résolution de 100 m
I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 11

12 Habitats Eunis à la résolution de 100 m
I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 12

13 Habitats Eunis à la résolution de 100 m
I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 13

14 Symbologie de couleur I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 14

15 Options du modèle Coordinate system Advantages of second option
Projection ETRS89 - Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area, as defined by the European Environment Agency (EEA) or Geographic WGS84 coordinate system Advantages of second option Most base layers are delivered in geographic coordinate system (at least energy and light) Limited resampling of base layers, hence better final result Resampling limited to: Base layers delivered in map coordinate system Final output Resampling is a drestructive process, loss of information, information is changed EUSeaMap Project Meeting – Madrid, 10th – 11th November 2009 15

16 Options du modèle If non-projected coordinate system, which resolution ? A given longitude length varies with latitude 1° of longitude in Madrid = 85 1° of longitude in London = 69 km 1° of longitude at a given lat = cos (lat) * 111 km We have to use a pixel size in decimal degrees globally compatible with 250 m pixel size we have to deliver In the Mediterranean (40° latitude) ° pixel size is equivalent to 300 m in Y and 230 m in X In northern Europe (60° latitude), 0.003°is equivalent to 333 m in Y and 167 m in X Above and below the equator, the circles defining the parallels of latitude get gradually smaller until they become a single point at the North and South Poles where the meridians converge. We have to find a pixel size in decimal degrees which is globally compatible with 250 m pixel size we have to deliver EUSeaMap Project Meeting – Madrid, 10th – 11th November 2009 16

17 Options du modèle But is ArcGIS trutsworthy?
Do we change the coordinate system of each grid before running the model or do we keep the layers in their native coordinate system? ArcGIS performs map algebra with layers in different coordinate systems It switches coordinate systems « on-the-fly », i.e. while calculating Advantage: less pre-processing, so easier updates However: « The transformation method used when projecting rasters on-the-fly is a piecewise polynomial transformation, where the data is transformed block-by-block, therefore guaranteeing high accuracy. » - ArcGIS Help, « Handling projections during analysis » topic But is ArcGIS trutsworthy? Say a few words on resampling method and Anouar and I’s tests EUSeaMap Project Meeting – Madrid, 10th – 11th November 2009 17

18 Logiciels utilisés ArcGIS (ModelBuilder) Spatial Analyst (Map Algebra)
SIG Versailles, 30 septembre 2010

19 Fiabilité des cartes (données sources)
Qualité des données sédimentaires cinq paramètres qualifiant les levés par télédétection ; six paramètres qualifiant la collecte de données de terrain ; quatre autres paramètres relatifs à la qualité du processus de réalisation des cartes. Qualité des données bathymétriques Identification du jeu de données Description Limite de résolution du MNT Date des données Origine des données Score bathymétrique (SB) total Carte 1 Minutes hydro-graphiques au 1/10 000 (Cap d'Agde) 3 2 7 Carte 2 Sondages multifaisceaux (ZEE française) 8 I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 19

20 Fiabilité des cartes (données sources)
I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 20

21 Application de la logique floue
La cartographie contraint, pour des raison de lisibilité, à tracer des limites franches (booléennes) entre milieux Mais dans la nature le passage d’un milieu à un autre est graduel, d’où l’idée d’utiliser le concept de « logique floue » pour essayer d’exprimer cette transition SIG Versailles, 30 septembre 2010

22 Application de la logique floue
Cartographie classique, « booléenne » SIG Versailles, 30 septembre 2010

23 Application de la logique floue
1 0.015 0.4 Degree of membership, y 0.0095 1.6 % of light Exemple du Circalittoral côtier SIG Versailles, 30 septembre 2010

24 Application de la logique floue
Infralittoral Vrai à 78% SIG Versailles, 30 septembre 2010

25 Les points techniques à améliorer
Couche de nature du substrat : difficile à constituer quand les données de prélèvement ne sont pas disponibles Courants et vagues : séries temporelles à haute résolution nécessaires Encore du travail sur la définition des seuils pertinents pour la biologie (échantillons biologiques et paramètres physiques associés in situ) I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 25

26 A quoi sert la carte? L’appropriation par les utilisateurs reste à vérifier Le projet EUSeaMap a étudié des filières d’utilisation Application for strategic planning of offshore industries marine aggregate extraction offshore wind farms Assessing cumulative pressures in the marine environment Linking broad scale habitat maps with fisheries Informing monitoring programmes Representative networks of MPAs I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 26

27 Perspectives Améliorer la résolution? On retombe alors dans un besoin de levés ad hoc (# historiques) très onéreux Augmenter la résolution géométrique sans augmenter le contenu biologique? Mettre en place un programme : a) de compilation de la biologie existante et b) d’acquisitions ciblées à la mer pour créer une densité de connaissance suffisante et améliorer le niveau Eunis I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 27

28 Paysage à échelle globale
- Y a-t-il des échelles pertinentes de rendu d’un « paysage global » (le mot est-il un abus de langage à l’échelle du 1/300000ème?) Paysage = topographie + occupation du sol Exemple du Marine Landscape (UK): Occupation du sol et formes du fond sont exprimés par deux cartes « à plat » distinctes Comment concilier ces deux aspects sur une vue unique et faire ressentir le relief (potentiel du 3D)? I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 28

29 Merci I will briefly summarize the objectives of the contract, as laid out in the tender specification. Our first step is to review and analyse existing efforts at classifying and mapping seabed habitats in European seas. This second objective, to prepare a broad-scale seabed habitat map, is a large part of the work. It includes getting access to data, processing them into the correct format, and applying standards for metadata, vocabulary and data exchange. Then the actual creation of the habitat map – through modelling – to a common classification, and valid for all sea regions. I’ll talk a little more about this later. Data will be made available through download and through a webGIS portal We will use the seabed habitat map to develop other map layers - for example potential sites for gravel extraction, and an analysis of existing networks of marine protected areas. This will include discussion with relevant stakeholders and comparison of results to those obtained using maps prepared from more detailed survey data. We will provide comments on drafts of INSPIRE implementation rules How much would it cost to extend the approach to all European seas; are more input data needed to reduce uncertainty? Where are more surveys required to ground-truth the habitats? The maintenance stage of the contract runs from 22 months (Dec 2010) until 36 months (Feb 2012) and includes the maintenance of portal 29