Urbanisme et santé Laura Donisetti coordinateur Milan Villes Santé Municipalité de Milan – Direction Santé

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1 Urbanisme et santé Laura Donisetti coordinateur Milan Villes Santé Municipalité de Milan – Direction Santé

2 Comune di Milano r Grande Milano 4,5 million dhabitants Ville de Milano 1,3 million dhabitants in 2006 Chaque jour 5.800.000 vehicles entrent dans le territoir de Grande Milano et 700.000 vehicles entrent dans la Ville Depuis 2001 la ville de Milan a dessiné un programme de développement ambitieux: - augmenter la population des résidants, - expandre lattractivité de Milan comme ville daffaires, des échanges, de culture et dattrait pour lEurope, - agrandir les espace verts bien entretenus et surs.

3 Le fil rouge du programme est le développement durable et l'accessibilité des services, célà implique, donc, des choix dutilisation des espaces urbains ( bâtis ou verts) et de mobilité entre eux cohérents. Le thèmes et l es évaluations environnementales font parti du débat de la communauté, pas seulement comme attention primaire aux facteurs écologiques mais aussi aux facteurs sociaux

4 Healthy Urban Planning (HUP ) Planification Urbaine pour la Santé est un des thèmes - coeur du travail proposé par lOMS au réseau des Villes Santé MILAN a commencé ce travail en alliance avec: OMS- Centre pour la Santé et l a Gouvernance, Depart.Municipal dUrbanisme et Depart.Services Sociaux, Villes Santè, Université Polithécnique DIAP Milan, sub -Reseau des Villes Santé

5 Healthy urban planning means planning for people. It promotes the idea that the city is much more than buildings, streets and open spaces but a living organism, the health of which is closely linked to that of its citizens. Healthy urban planning focuses on the positive impact that urban planning can have on human health, well-being and quality of life and reflects WHO s broad definition of health. It aims to refocus urban planners on the implication of their work for human health and well-being... Health is a core element of sustainable development & healthy urban planning aims to improve both the quality of the built environment and the quality of life of individuals and communities in cities. It can help create a healthy economy, a healthy environment and a healthy society.* *Barton H & Tsourou C, Healthy Urban Planning, - A WHO guide to planning for people, Spon 2000

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7 Urban planning can have a major impact on conditions in cities. The conditions in which people live and work, their access to facilities and services, their lifestyles, and their ability to develop strong social networks are all influenced by the plans, policies and initiatives of urban planners and related professions. At the same time these are At the same time these are key things which determine the health, well being and quality of life of people in cities

8 Qualité de la vie dans lenvironnement urbain is marqued by the relationship between the constructed environment and physical and mental health, healthy living & healthy life styles is determined by quality of urban settlements and urban form quality and role of public spaces architectural barriers, accessibility, design for all quality of life and quality of services collaborative planning and Healthy Urban Planning urban safety

9 Is determined by quality of urban settlements and urban form quality and role of public spaces architectural barriers, accessibility, design for all quality of services collaborative planning and Healthy Urban Planning urban safety Qualité de la vie dans lenvironnement urbain

10 Lapproche Villes Santé et Urbanisme est congénial à la création de politiques et dactions de développement urbain favorables à la santé car il assume en même temps des objectifs de justice sociale, de durabilité et de participation Le programme veut faciliter la coopération entre les différents secteurs au sein des villes.

11 Les faits : les déterminants sociaux de la santé Le premier niveau dinfluence concerne le comportement individuel et le style de vie. Lenvironnement physique qui se premier niveau dinfluence sur la santé trouve façonné par les décisions durbanisme peut soit faciliter soit être un frein à un mode de vie salutaire. Le second niveau dinfluence sur la santé de lindividu se réfère à lenvironnement social : lurbanisme peut être un agent destructeur des réseaux sociaux, cest le cas dans les projets de rénovation urbaine sans nuance, il peut à linverse, entretenir les possibilités dune vie de quartier pleine de richesses. Au troisième niveau dinfluence – les conditions structurelles locales – la politique daménagement affecte très directement et de façon diversifiée la santé de lindividu. comportement individuel et style de vie -Influence de lenvironnement social -conditions structurelles locales -conditions générales socio- économiques, culturelles et environnementales Au niveau le plus large… on note que lorganisation urbaine locale a une influence sur la qualité de lair, de leau et des ressources du sol. Lorganisation urbaine a également un effet sur lémission de gaz à effet de serre … *Whitehead et Dahlgren

12 Le santé est conçue comme un des aspect de la « qualité de vie » urbaine, mais la création dun Département Municipal de la Santé a introduit un plus fort intérêt pour les « faits de santé »

13 Strategic Planning for Health Urban planning and elderly people Healthy Neighbourhood Mobility and Transport Physical activity *ource: HUP Sub-Network Preparatory Meeting, Milan, 15-16 April 2005 Lactivité de Milan répond aux 5 priorités

14 . implementation of the urban market improvement of links between mobility and urban projects creation of a new plan for green areas at local and metropolitan level reduction of territory consumption introduction of a principle of equal distribution of the right to build implementation of public services and facilities improvement of life quality & environmental sustainability The strategic document will identifies seven objectives for the citys development: Strategic Planning and Health il coinvolgim/la partecipazione

15 Processus pour le Plan des Règles de la Ville de Milan luglio 2007luglio 2007...luglio 2007 - giugno 2008 ascolto della cittàavvio del pianoelaborazione contenuti apertura del processo richiesta di contributi raccolta di contributiprogettazione alla scala locale

16 Gli obiettivi: i tre pilastri

17 Le Plan des Services Main settings N.of inhabitants, sq meters, density Number & kind of services geocoding of services on the map

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19 Mobility and Transport Physical activity,

20 . Gruppo di lavoro HUP: Ufficio Città Sane Milano Direzione Urbanistica - DIAP Politecnico & Direzione Servizi Sociali Sono stati analizzati i progetti proposti dai costruttori in due concorsi di edilizia abitativa pubblica secondo il concetto della flessibilità strutturale e capacità aggregante degli spazi. E stato fatto un confronto con progetti messi in atto da altre realtà italiane e straniere evidenziando delle buone pratiche. Alla fine è stato stilato un documento con indicazioni e suggerimenti sulle caratteristiche opportune per edifici di edilizia pubblica residenziale particolarmente adatti ad ospitare un popolazione che invecchia in salute. Milano abitare 1 e 2 Urban Planning and elderly people

21 . DIAP POLITECNICO PER COMUNE DI MILANO HUP interventi su più livelli: -da quello cittadino a quello del quartiere (in termini di risorse, di reti relazionali, ecc.); -da quello abitativo (housing) a quello riferito al contesto territoriale (spazi pubblici e collettivi); quello sociale e quello spaziale (anche nei suoi aspetti percettivi e simbolici); - da quello riguardante il singolo anziano a quello riguardante linvecchiamento della comunità

22 Analyse des logement s,des maisons de retraite/ aparts du Conseil Municipal OWNS HOME (regeneration, services, networks)n NEW HOME (with different degrees of protection) NEARNESS HOMES (cohousing ) TEMPORARY HOMENEW SOLUTIONS FOR NURSING HOMES SUITED HABITAT REDEVELOPMENT NEIGHBOURHOOD SOCIAL CARETAKING FAMILY SERVICES HOME CARE (home help service and home nursing medical service) BIOTELESURVEILLANCE DAY CARE CENTRE AND SOCIAL NETWORK ACTIVATION AND PUBLICALLY COLLECTIVE SERVICES (time bank, lunchrooms etc.) DWELLING PLACES AT MARKET PRICE OR FOR ELITE PROTECTED VILLAGES COOPERATIVE BUILDING (plus services) SHELTERED HOUSES PERMANENT OR INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY HOUSES (e.g. Abbeyfield) HALL BUILDING WITH SHELTERED HOUSES SMALL LIFE UNITS SELFMANAGED (cohousing) FAMILY SERVICES (Kangaroo homes, Cantous) SUPPORTIVE APARTMENT HOUSES ELDER PEOPLE + OTHER FAMILIES (young couples, students, foreigners, etc.) HOLIDAYS HOMES TEPORARY COMMUNITY HOUSES (Nights welcome, week end etc.; for rehabilitation or for resting etc.) DAY REHABILITATION CENTRE REPLACING IN SOCIAL NETWORKAND COMMUNITY SERVICES (not just for elderly) ELDERLY MOVEMENT IMPROPERLY HOUSED INTERNAL REBUILDING OF NURSING HOMES TRANSFORMATION FROM NURSING HOMES TO SHELETERD HOUSES

23 Healthy Neighbourhood In particular, the aim is to integrate into strategic planning the key principles of healthy cities which are: promotion of healthy life styles, social cohesion, promoting quality of housing, accessibility to work and to services and facilities, equity, safety, quality of environment, climate conditions. Following the healthy cities approach, the City Council will try to include health as a core theme into the seven objectives of the strategic document

24 Traduction des lignes guide pour Urbanisme sain Target N°2 encourager et soutenir la coh é sion sociale Les politiques urbaines ne peuvent pas cr é er les communaut é s ou les réseaux de coh é sion sociale, mais ces derni è res peuvent être facilit é es à travers la r é alisation d un environnement sur et perméable qui inclue des lieux d agrégation sociale, et à trav e rs la promotion d intervention pour reduir l isolement et l exclusion sociale. Secteurs clef: Services socio-sanitaires Planning urbain Jardins et environnement Transport et traffic Sureté urbaine Banlieues Culture Sport Healthy Urban Planning Manual WHO 1999- tradct.L.Donisetti

25 Indicatori suggeriti Strutture pubbliche più frequentate (strutture sportive, musei, ecc.) % Nuove strutture pubblichen° per anno Organizzazioni di volontariaton°/1.000 ab. Disagio psichico Numero di persone affette da problemi psichici seguiti dal CPS n° Piazze e altri spazi verdi attrezzati per la sosta e lo svago n° n° per zone di decentramento Aggregazione giovanile e degli anzianin° centri di aggregazione per giovani e per anziani (pubblici e privati) % sulle due popolazioni Opportunità di aggregazione intergenerazionale e interetnica n° centri o iniziative che promuovono queste opportunità Azioni comunitarie, di quartieren° iniziative locali

26 PROGETTO PORTA NUOVA ATTENZIONE ALLA PROGETTAZIONE EDILIZIA ECOSOSTENIBILE - COGENERAZIONE - POMPE DI CALORE IN EMUNGIMENTO DALLA FALDA - USO DEL FOTOVOLTAICO - APPLICAZIONE DI TECNICHE E METODOLOGIE DI MONITORING - USO DI MATERIALI RICICLABILI ED ECOSOSTENIBILI. STIMA DELLA RIDUZIONE DELLE EMISSIONI DEL 30% Assessorato Sviluppo del Territorio Settore Progetti Strategici CONFERENZA CONCERTO DA PORTA NUOVA A EXPO 2015 - NUOVI AMBIENTI URBANI A MILANO

27 Merci de votre attention. Laura Donisetti coordinateur Milan Villes Santé Municipalité de Milan – Direction Santé laura.donisetti@comune.milano.it SALcittasane@comune.milano.it