Le Passif...getting to know the Passive Voice in French!

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Transcription de la présentation:

Le Passif...getting to know the Passive Voice in French!

What IS the Passive Voice? In English and French, there are two “voices” in grammar: Active and Passive. In the Active Voice, someone does something. eg. The boy reads the book. In the Passive Voice, something gets done by someone. eg. The book is read by the boy. The Direct Object of an Active sentence is the Subject of a Passive one.

How to form the Passive Voice In both English and French (yay, for once), the Passive uses a form of “to be” plus the Past Participle. The castle was built in the 15th century. Le château était bâti au 15e siècle. The person/thing doing the action uses the preposition “by” in English; “par” in French. Thc castle was built by a nobleman. Le château était bâti par un noble.

However... Yes, there’s always a “however”! In French, the PP has to agree, just like an adjective. La ville a été détruite pendant la guerre. Also, for some verbs of emotion, you will see “de” instead of “par” - this is where we might use “of” in English. Le prof était aimé de ses élèves.

Can I use any tense with the Passive? YES - you may form the Passive with any tense - note that you just get the right tense of être, then the PP folows as normal. Le lait est bu par le chat. (Present) était bu(Imperfect) a été bu(Perfect) avait été bu(Pluperfect) sera bu(Future) serait bu(Conditional) etc...

Par exemple... Les menhirs ont été levés par les Bretons il y a longtemps.

Un autre exemple... Le chanteur Jacques Brel était vraiment aimé de ses fans pendant les années soixante.

Un autre exemple... La ville de Brest a été presque totalement détruite pendant les bombardements de la deuxième guerre mondiale.

Traduisez... Le traité a été signé par les deux gouvernements. La Reine Élizabeth est respectée de tout le monde. Un tunnel sera construit l’année prochaine. The treaty has been signed by the 2 governments. Queen Elizabeth is respected by everyone. A tunnel will be built next year.

Change from Active to Passive. Un tunnel a relié la Grande-Bretagne au continent en On construira plus tard un lien routier. On avait annoncé la décision à Lille. Le Président a souligné l’importance de la décision. La Grande-Bretagne a été reliée au continent en 1993 par un tunnel. Un lien routier sera construit plus tard. La décision avait été annoncée à Lille. L’importance de la décision a été soulignée par le Président.

Not too hard, yet... The French have a tendency of avoiding the Passive, by: Using ‘on’ + the active. On a déjà oublié cet événement. (This event has already been forgotten.) By using a reflexive. Cela ne se dit pas ici. (That is not said here.)

Change to on + active or a reflexive... Cela n’est pas vendu en France. La carte a été envoyée. Le travail a été fini. Le gouvernement est composé de trois partis principaux. Cela ne se vend pas en France. On a envoyé la carte. On a fini le travail. Le gouvernement se compose de trois partis principaux.

NB... In French, an Indirect object can’t be the subject of a passive verb. We can say, for example, “I have been given a present.” However, in French, you must say, “On m’a donné un cadeau.” This is the case in French with verbs requiring the preposition ‘à’. In English, we could say, “The letter was answered.” In French, this is, “On a répondu à la lettre.”

To learn! On m’a dit que... On m’a demandé de... On m’a donné... On m’a conseillé de... I have been told that... I have been asked to... I have been given... I have been advised to...

Traduisez... On m’avait conseillé de ne pas voyager seul la nuit. On m’a dit que tu as besoin d’aide. On m’a demandé de vous accompagner. I had been advised not to travel alone at night. I’ve been told you need help. I’ve been asked to go with you.