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 presentation content: 1. Introduction. 2. How do we see colors? 3. What is color blindness? 4. How do you diagnose color blindness? 5. How do you treat color blindness? 6. Enchroma glasses option. 7. What are the lens options? 8. Can I get prescription added? 9. Conclusion.

1. Introduction: Stop for a second and tack a look at that red apple you’re about to bite into. Have you ever thought about the fact that the color you call “red” may not be the same “red” other people see ? How does color vision actually work ? And is there any way to know objectively whether we’re all seeing the same apple?

Special photorecptor cells in the retina called rods and cones detect light as it enters our eyes. 2. How do we see colors?

Rods : perceive illumination only which allows us to see in black and white in the dark Cones: perceive color in bright light. there are 3 types of cones red, green and blue ;based on the color to which they are most sensitive.

3.What is color blindness? Color blindness is the inability of the human eyes to perceive red, blue or green colors. Color blindness is not a form of blindness, but is the deficiency of the way the person sees colors( when a person doesn’t have complete trichromatic vision missing 1 or 2 of 3 cones red,blue,green )

 There are several types of color blindness: Monochromacy: this is the inability to distinguish color altogether because two or three color cones are missing Dichromacy :one of the color cones is missing,which can manifest itself in three ways : Protanopia Deuteranopia Tritanopia

4.How do you diagnose color blindness? Ishihara Color Vision Test : The test consists of a booklet with each page containing a circular pattern made by dots of different colors, sizes and brightness. It may appear to be random, but a person with normal color vision would be able to read a number in the circular plate. Depending on the types of color blindness, the person would not be able to see certain numbers.

5.How do you treat color blindness? There is no known treatment for congenital color blindness. But new technology is helping Enchroma glasses ;these glasses have a special lenses that blocks certain wave lengths allowing a person wearing them to see color, the lenses use a filter which corrects the saturation between the colors and allows people to see all the tones

 Solving the problem: For people who are color blind, their red and green photopigments have more overlap than normal, making them unable to see certain colors. The lenses are layered and there is a multi- notch filter embedded into the lens. It blocks parts of the visible light spectrum, clearly creating a divide in that spectral overlap.

So in our eyes we have 3 cones one for red one for green one for blue; a normal eye can detect each of those colors individually in someone who’s red green color blind,the red and green cones are overlapped and that cause the brain to get the red and green fields kind of confused,that’s why people with this deficiency see pink as gray or greens brown it’s all jumbled. The enchroma glasses filter out a small section of the over lapping red and green signals so brain can distinguish between red and green

Enchroma Lens Guide SunglassesIndoor Glasses 6.Enchroma glasses option:

Lens MaterialPolycarbonate Refractive Index1.58 Abbe Number30  Enchroma Lens Basic Information: The following attributes apply to all lenses UV Protection100% UVA/UVB/UVC Lens Blank Diameter 72mm Scratch-Resistant Hard-Coating Included Anti-Reflection Coating Included Hydrophobic Coating Included

 Can I get the Enchroma lens with Transitions/ photochromic? This won’t be available in the near future, but Enchroma is researching the possibility of incorporating photochromic optics into Enchroma lenses.  Is the Enchroma lens polarized? Enchroma lenses are not polarized. We expect it will someday be possible to make our lenses to include a polarizer but there is no estimate yet as to when that will be available. 7.What are the lens options?

8.Can I get prescription added? Yes! You can choose to add your prescription to the lenses however the prescription must contains : Prescription information for both your right and left eye. Pupillary Distance (PD) number. Segment height (seg height) number. (This applies only to Fit to Your Frames orders of progressive or blended bifocal lenses.) Your prescription should be within these ranges: Single Vision: SPH -4 to +3 CYL -4 to +4 Progressive: SPH -4 to +3 CYL -4 to +4 ADD +3 Your prescription must be current.

 Bifocals: Enchroma lenses are made with a blended bifocal which has a “soft” edge instead of the hard line of a conventional bifocal. Our blended bifocals are made on the same equipment that makes progressive lenses. Out-of-range prescriptions might be possible, depending on the geometry of your frames, but your prescription must be within the current manufacturing capabilities of Enchroma.  Out-of-range prescriptions:  Single Vision vs Progressive lenses: EnChroma is available in single vision, bifocals and progressive lenses.

 Prescription manufacturing time: 3-4 weeks for prescription orders to be made. Processing time may vary.  Care and handling: Use the provided cleaning cloth to remove oil and residue that may accumulate on the frame and lens. Beware of the potential to scratch the lens. Store Enchroma glasses inside a protective case when not in use  General instructions: When putting on the glasses, allow at least 10 minutes for the eyes to adjust to the darkness of the lens and avoid removing the glasses during the adjustment period.

9.Conclusion: an individual's daily work is the main factor that make us invent or find new solution for their problems so i hope we as opticiens can create something noble for our society. Color blindness affects which careers can be pursued, so by the help of these glasses they may have no problem to persuade their careers. There are Color filters and contact lenses that can be used in some situations to enhance between the brightness between some colors. Results vary depending on each person’s type and severity of color vision deficiency.