Aujoudhui et Demain Anna Johnson Rachel Sternlicht Renée Waller

La Grammaire

Le Futur To describe upcoming events In English, formed with dual verbs I will fly French has full conjugation Je volerai

Conjugation: verb infinitive + aions asez aont -er and –ir verbs add correct ending directly to infinitive -re verbs dispose of final e and add appropriate ending

Examples -er: danser – to dance danseraidanserons danserasdanserez danseradanseront -ir: bondir – to leap bondiraibondirons bondirasbondirez bondirabondiront -re: perdre – to lose perdraiperdrons perdrasperdrez perdraperdront

Le Futur – irregular verbs acheter -> jachèteraivouloir -> je voudrai être -> je seraisavoir -> je saurai avoir -> jaurai aller -> jirai faire -> je ferai pouvoir -> je pourrai voir -> je verrai venir -> je viendrai

HOWEVER, English sentences which usually use the present tense after certain phrases use the futur in french I will leave as soon as I finish (present) Je partirai dès que je finirai (futur) Other Phrases Include: après que ->afterlorsque ->when aussitôt que ->as soon asquand ->when dès que ->as soon asune fois que ->once espérer que ->to hope that

Best Part About the Future…. The same irregular verbs and their stems are used to form the CONDITIONAL!

Le Conditionnel Describes unguaranteed events – dependent on other conditions Use in polite requests I would like some tea Je voudrais du thé

Conjugation: Exactly like le futur (same stems, even irregular verbs) except with imperfect tense endings Infinitive + aisions ais iez ait aient

Si Clauses If ….. Then…. Can be reversed but si must always stay with the verb it is added to Si + present, present Si + present, futur Si + imperfect, conditional

present/present – factual, happens regularly If I am sad, I eat chocolate. Si je suis triste, je mange du chocolat. Reverse: Je mange du chocolat si je suis triste. present/futur – likely to occur If you fall, I will help you. Si tu tombe, je taiderai. Reverse: Je taiderai si tu tombe. imperfect/conditional – unlikely to occur –> this would happen If I had the time, I would do it. Si j'avais le temps, je le ferais. Reverse: Je le ferais si javais le temps.

Le Subjonctif After a subjective, not indicative clause Entirely different umbrella, man. Wont necessarily happen!! Doubtful, uncertain Indicative Subjunctive

Conjugation: ils form present tense drop –ent ending Add subjunctive ending Example: They study Ils etudient Ils etudi/ Tetudies – you study (but you might not)

Subjunctive Endings - e -ions -es-iez -e-ent Usually follows a commanding phrase such as il est importante que… or il faut que… Does not necessarily mean that the action will be done

Irregular Conjugations êtrealler soissoyonsailleallions soissoyezaillesalliez soitsoientailleaillent avoir faire aieayonsfassefassions aiesayezfassesfassiez aitaientfassefassent

More Irregular Subjunctive Conjugations savoirvouloir sachesachionsveuillevoulions sachessachiezveuillesvouliez sachesachentveuilleveuillent pouvoirpleuvoir – il pleuve puissepuissions puissespuissiez falloir – il faille puissepuissent

Devoir Overarching verb definition: to have to *obligation and probability* *expecation and inevitability* Noun: Le devoir Homework, duty

Basic Conjugations Present Subjontif Je dois Nous devonsJe doive Nous devions Tu doisVous devezTu doives Vous deviez Il devraIls doiventIl doive Ils doivent Futur Past Participle Je devrai Nous devronsdû Tu devras Vous devrez Il devra Ils devront

Obligation & Necessity Must, have, need to Elles doivent manger. Probability & Suppostion Should, will probably Nous devons gagner plus cette année. Expectaion & Intention Supposed to Je devais aller avec eux. Fatalism & Inevitability Had to, bound to Il devait perdre un jour.

Used to differentiate Must vs. Should Must: add absolument or vraiment Je dois absolument partir. I must leave. Should: conditional of devoir Tu devrais partir You should leave.

As a transitive verb, not followed by a verb…. Pierre me doit 10 Euros. …. Means to owe. Exemple: Jinx, tu me dois un Coca!

Les verbes sortir, partir, quitter, laisser: des significations différentes Sortir - to go out, to get out of something, or to get something out Je sors ce soir. Tu dois sortir de leau. Nous allons sortir en bicyclette. Il doit sortir la voiture du garage.

Partir – to leave in a general sense Cannot be followed by a direct object but can be followed by a preposition and an indefinite object Nous partons jeudi. Ils partent de Paris. Je suis parti pour le Quebec.

Quitter - to leave someone or something must be followed by a direct object Ils quittent la France. Il quitte sa femme. You can say: Ne quittez pas! (Dont hang up!)

Laisser – to leave something, as in not taking it. can also mean to leave someone alone. Jai laissé mon sac chez Luc. Laissez-moi du gâteau! Laissez-moi tranquille!

Les pronoms: y et en y – place, location there en – quantity, number some or any y usually replaces à, chez, or dans en usually replaces de

Examples of y We are going to the theater. Nous allons au théâtre. Nous y allons. Examples of en I would like some flowers. Je voudrais du fleurs. Jen voudrais.

Pronoun Placement a.k.a. THE CHART

Emphatic Pronouns Emphasizes a noun or a pronoun referring to a person Used if there are more than one person Lawrence et moi font jardiner aujourd'hui. Also used with même Lui-même – himself Moi-même - myself To indicate possession Quels enfant est à toi?

Moi - me Toi - you Lui - him Elle – her Soi - oneself Nous - us Vous - you Eux – them (m) Elles – them (f)

cest/ce sont vs. il est/ils sont Cest/ce sont: describes a situation, with a modified adverb, with a modified noun, or with a proper name Cest normal. Cest trop tard. Cest une bonne actrice. Cest Madame Thompson!

Il est/ils sont: describes people with an unmodified adverb, unmodified noun, or with a prepostional phrase Elle est intelligente. Il est tard. Il est avocat. Elle est en France.

La proverbe

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