Direct & Indirect Object Pronouns (D.O.Ps & I.O.Ps) En français: les Compléments de l’Objet Direct et Indirect

Direct Object Pronouns (D.O.Ps) Before we can tackle these in French, we have to make sure we know what we are talking about in English first! First, start with the VERB Second, ask who or what is doing the action and that will give you the SUBJECT Third, ask who or what is receiving the action and that will give you the DIRECT OBJECT

My parents give money to my friends 2) Do the action 1) action 3) receives action = VERB = SUBJECT = DIRECT OBJECT

Direct Object Pronoun (D.O.P) PRONOUN = a word that stands in place of a NOUN If we replace “MONEY” from our original sentence: “My parents give money to my friends” The Direct Object Pronoun in ENGLISH would be: “IT” so our sentence now reads: My parents give it to my friends

Direct Object Pronouns in French Les Compléments de l’Objet Directe These are related to both SUBJECT pronouns & REFLEXIVE pronouns: Subject Pronouns Direct Object Pronouns Je ME Tu TE Il LE Elle LA Nous NOUS Vous VOUS Ils LES Elles LES

My parents give money to my friends My parents give IT to my friends Mes parents donnent l’argent à mes amis Mes parents LE donnent à mes amis

POSITION: D.O.Ps (like ALL PRONOUNS in FRENCH) go IN FRONT of the VERB involved: La salade? – Je LA mange Les devoirs? – Je vais LES faire L’argent? – Je LE dépense La lettre? – Je veux L’envoyer

Indirect Object Pronouns (I.O.Ps) Before we can tackle these in French, we have to make sure we know what we are talking about in English first! First, start with the VERB Second, ask who or what is doing the action and that will give you the SUBJECT Third, ask who or what is receiving the action and that will give you the DIRECT OBJECT Fourth, ask who or what is having the action done TO it/them and that will give you the INDIRECT OBJECT

My parents give money to my friends 2) Do the action 1) action 3) receives action 4) has action done TO it/them = VERB = SUBJECT = DIRECT OBJECT = INDIRECT OBJECT

Indirect Object Pronoun (I.O.P) PRONOUN = a word that stands in place of a NOUN If we replace “MONEY” from our original sentence: “My parents give money to my friends” The Direct Object Pronoun in ENGLISH would be: “IT” so our sentence now reads: My parents give it to my friends The Indirect Object Pronoun in ENGLISH would be: “TO THEM” so our sentence now reads: My parents give it to them

Indirect Object Pronouns in French Les Compléments de l’Objet Indirecte These are related to both SUBJECT pronouns, DIRECT OBJECT pronouns & REFLEXIVE pronouns: Subject Pronouns Direct Object Pronouns Indirect Object Pronouns Je ME ME Tu TE TE Il LE LUI Elle LA Nous NOUS NOUS Vous VOUS VOUS Ils LES LEUR Elles LES

Position: D.O.Ps & I.O.Ps(like ALL PRONOUNS in FRENCH) go IN FRONT of the VERB involved. However, we have many different types of PRONOUNS and they will go in the following order:

Order Arrow (La flèche de l’ordre) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. me te le lui SUBJECT (se) la y en VERB nous les leur vous

My parents give money to my friends My parents give IT to my friends Mes parents donnent l’argent à mes amis Mes parents LE donnent à mes amis My parents give IT TO THEM Mes parents LE LEUR donnent

DOPs with Passé Composé We have already learned about DOPs and IOPs We have learned where they go before a verb We have learned the order in which they are placed ***if the VERB is in the Passé Composé, the PAST PARTICIPLE must agree in NUMBER & GENDER with the DOP*** Ex: Où est la pomme? – Je L’ai mangéE Direct Object DOP Agreement (= where is the apple? – I have eaten it)

Le Pronom “Y” The pronoun “Y” can be used in two ways: To replace a location: Ex: Est-ce que tu es allé en France? - Oui, j’y suis allé. - Non, je n’y suis pas allé

2. To replace a DIRECT OBJECT introduced by a verb or expression using à: Ex: Est-ce que tu obéis à la loi? - Oui, j’y obéis - Non, je n’y obéis pas

Expressions that take: à Obéir à… = to obey… S’intéresser à… = to be interested in… Penser à… = to think about, daydream about Réfléchir à… = to ponder, reflect on Répondre à… = to answer…

**NOTE** Even in an expression or verb that takes à, if the direct object is a person, you CANNOT use the pronoun Y instead you MUST use an emphatic pronoun: MOI, TOI, LUI, ELLE, NOUS, VOUS, EUX, ELLES Ex: Est-ce que tu obéis à tes parents? Oui, j’obéis à eux / Non, je n’obéis pas à eux Oui, je leur obéis / Non, je ne leur obéis pas

The PRONOUN “EN” Even though this is a very little word, it is SUPER important!! It is a pronoun and therefore REPLACES the noun(s) to which it refers. It is used in the following situations:

The PRONOUN “EN” 1) with Expressions of QUANTITY Use to replace noun(s) when there is an expression of quantity: Ex: Tu as combien de sœurs? (= how many sisters do you have) J’EN ai trois (= I have three(of them)) – “EN” replaces the expression “de sœurs”

The PRONOUN “EN” 2) with direct objects introduced by DE Use to replace noun(s) as direct objects when they are introduced by DE: Ex: Tu parles de ta santé? = do you talk about your health? Oui, j’EN parle souvent = Yes, I talk about IT often

What to do with NEGATIVES (1) With SINGLE WORD VERB FORMS (Present Tense, Imperfect Tense, Future Tense, Conditional Tense) Tu manges de la pizza Tu EN manges Tu n’ en manges pas Subject NE / N’ Pronouns VERB PAS

What to do with NEGATIVES (2) With VERBS + INFINITIVES Tu vas manger de la pizza Tu vas EN manger Tu ne vas pas en manger Subject NE / N’ Conjugated verb PAS Pronouns Infinitive

What to do with NEGATIVES (3) With MULTIPLE WORD VERB FORMS (Passé Composé, Plusqueparfait, Futur Passé, Conditionnel Passé) Tu as mangé de la pizza Tu EN as mangé Tu n’ en as pas mangé Subject NE / N’ Pronouns Auxiliary Verb PAS Past Participle

Pratique: Je me souviens de cette histoire Vous avez besoin d’argent Tu te rappelles de ce village? Ils avaient 50 poissons rouges Elle avait envie de mes chaussures

Réponses: Je me souviens de cette histoire Je m’EN souviens 2. Vous avez besoin d’argent Vous EN avez besoin 3. Tu te rappelles de ce village? Tu t’EN rappelles? 4. Ils avaient 50 poissons rouges Ils EN avaient 50 5. Elle avait envie de mes chaussures Elle EN avait envie

Practice with 2 pronouns: J’ai écrit de belles lettres à tes parents je leur en ai écrit Mes parents ont vu mes amis et moi sur la plage mes parents nous y ont vus Nous avons vu des belles choses à Paris nous y en avons vu Vous avez envoyé les chocolats à vos amis vous les leur avez envoyés

Practice with 3 pronouns!! (fortunately, pretty rare occurrence!) J’ai envoyé la belle peinture à ma tante à Paris Direct Object: DOP = LA Indirect Object: IOP = LUI Prepositional phrase of location: Y Rewritten sentence = Je la lui y ai envoyée

IOPs are related to both SUBJECT pronouns, DOPs & REFLEXIVE pronouns: DOPs & IOPs IOPs are related to both SUBJECT pronouns, DOPs & REFLEXIVE pronouns: Subject Pronouns Direct Object Pronouns Indirect Object Pronouns Je ME ME Tu TE TE Il LE LUI Elle LA Nous NOUS NOUS Vous VOUS VOUS Ils LES LEUR Elles LES

Indirect Object Pronouns in French Les Compléments de l’Objet Indirecte These are related to both SUBJECT pronouns, DIRECT OBJECT pronouns & REFLEXIVE pronouns: Subject Pronouns Direct Object Pronouns Indirect Object Pronouns Je ME ME Tu TE TE Il LE LUI Elle LA Nous NOUS NOUS Vous VOUS VOUS Ils LES LEUR Elles LES