Imparfait v. Passé Composé

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Transcription de la présentation:

Imparfait v. Passé Composé

Imparfait vs. Passé Composé The imparfait and the passé composé are both used to express past occurrences, but their uses are distinctly different.

Uses of Passé Composé The passé composé is used to express completed past actions For example: Hier, j ’ai fini ma rédaction d ’anglais. Ce matin, nous avons vu un film dans la classe d ’histoire.

Uses of Passé Composé In these sentences, whether or not it is stated, one could specify an exact time at which the event took place. (à 3h15) Hier, j ’ai fini ma rédaction d ’anglais. (à 9h36) Ce matin, nous avons vu un film dans la classe d ’histoire.

Uses of Imparfait The imparfait, however, by definition, means imperfect. Its uses are much less clearly defined. They fall into three basic categories: habitual past actions continuing past actions conditions (non-actions) (used to do) (was doing) (did)

Habitual Past Actions For example: We used to play baseball every day. An habitual past action is one that occurred repeatedly over a long period of time. For example: We used to play baseball every day. Nous jouions au baseball tous les jours.

Habitual Past Actions Careful! Habitual past actions are not necessarily translated as « used to.. » For example: Quand j ’étais jeune, je me promenais à l ’école tous les jours. might be translated When I was young, I walked to school every day. The key is that the action occurred repeatedly in the past.

Continuing Past Actions The imparfait is also used to express actions that were going on when something else happened. For example: Je faisais la vaiselle quand tu m’as téléphoné. I was doing the dishes when you called me.

Continuing Past Actions When it is used to express a continuing past action, the imparfait is often, but not always, used in combination with the passé composé. Examples: Quand j’ai vu Charles, il parlait avec Georges. Il faisait beau. Le soleil brillait et il y avait une belle brise. (Eventually, an action occurs in a later sentence.)

Conditions (non-actions) There is a class of verbs which do not express action at all. Rather, they express conditions, states of being, or states of mind. When these verbs occur in a past tense, it is almost always the imparfait.

Conditions (non-actions) Some of these verbs are: être avoir vouloir pouvoir savoir désirer connaître penser croire se sentir espérer aimer faire (w/ expressions of weather)

Conditions (non-actions) Examples: Quand j ’avais six ans, j ’aimais jouer au cache-cache. Ce matin, nous ne voulions pas aller à l ’école. Jean ne savait pas faire son devoir, et il était très frustré. non-action non-action non-action non-action non-action

Summary Remember that the passé composé is used to express completed past actions. The imparfait expresses habitual past actions continuing past actions conditions (non-actions)

Test Yourself Complete the following sentences with the appropriate verb form: Anne-Marie ______ en France quand (habiter) elle __________. (se marier) continuing past action habitait completed past action s ’est mariée

Test Yourself Quand ils ____________ le château, (quitter) completed past action Quand ils ____________ le château, (quitter) ils _________ fatigués, et il (être) __________ très chaud. (faire) ont quitté étaient condition faisait condition

Test Yourself Le garçon ____________ à nos amis (demander) completed past action Le garçon ____________ à nos amis (demander) ce qu ’ils ___________ prendre. Ils (vouloir) ____________ une glâce. (commander) a demandé voulaient condition ont commandé completed past action

Test Yourself Quand elle _________ plus jeune, (être) condition était Quand elle _________ plus jeune, (être) Suzanne ________ français et (parler) anglais. Mais elle __________ (oublier) l ’anglais. parlait habitual past action a oublié completed past action

Test Yourself Ma soeur __________ au football (jouer) continuing past action jouait Ma soeur __________ au football (jouer) quand elle ___________ et (tomber) ___________ la cheville. (se fouler) est tombée completed past action s ’est foulé completed past action

Test Yourself Quand j ’_________ neuf ans, (avoir) condition avais Quand j ’_________ neuf ans, (avoir) j ’ __________ à Paris, et j(e) (habiter) _________ le métro tous les jours. (prendre) habitais condition prenais habitual past action