Terminology 3 Terminology management. Managing the terminology project Documentary research –Situating the micro-domain –Deciding on the extension of.

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Transcription de la présentation:

Terminology 3 Terminology management

Managing the terminology project Documentary research –Situating the micro-domain –Deciding on the extension of the domain –Building a corpus Using primary documentation Using secondary documentation

Approach Semasiological –from the word to the concept Onomasiological –from the concept to the word For result for lexicography –Onomasiological dictionary : thematic order – Semasiological : alphabetical order

A dialectic approach Onomasiology –a top-down approach –embodied in the tree diagram Semasiology –a bottom-up approach starting from texts building up to tree diagram incorporating features in the term record

The term record Language fields –Headword –PoS –Context (= attestation) –Synonyms, variants Conceptual fields –Definition –Conceptual relationships Hierarchical Partitive indirect Management fields Date Number of record Author of record

Secondary resources Term banks IATE – Termium – Grand dictionnaire terminologique –

Lexicographical resources in earth sciences Foucault, Raoult (2005), Dictionnaire de géologie, Paris, Dunod. Pomerol, Lagabrielle, Renard, et al. (2011), Eléments de géologie, Paris, Dunod. Collection: Sciences Sup. Saffache (2003), Glossaire de géomorphologie, Paris, Matoury. Allaby & Allaby (2008), A Dictionary of Earth Sciences, Oxford Paperback Reference.

Term entry in Dictionnaire de géologie (2005) faille n.f. [de lancien français faillir, manque, parce que, après une faille, le mineur ne retrouve plus le filon, ou la couche, quil exploitait; angl. fault] – Cassure de terrain avec déplacement relatif des parties séparées. –En pratique, ce terme désigne le plus souvent les accidents verticaux, ou à pendage fort et nimpliquant pas de recouvrement important (chevauchage, charriage). […] –La nomenclature relative aux failles : les deux parties séparées par la faille sont appelées compartiments, les surfaces engendrées par les cassures sont les lèvres […]

How faults are classified 1.selon leur pendage: faille verticale ou oblique 2. selon leur rejet: faille normale (= faille directe, faille de distension, faille distensive), le rejet horizontal transversal correspond à une distension; faille inverse (= faille de compression, faille compressive) où le rejet horizontal transversal correspond à un raccourcissement […], décrochement, à rejet uniquement horizontal et dans le plan de la faille, qui est généralement verticale ou presque. 3. selon leurs rapports avec les couches […] 4. selon les rapports de leurs rejets 5. selon leurs rapports génétiques 6. selon leur forme

Terminologies respond to a need –specific translation project –quality control for documentation –data mining –indexing etc.

Two complementary approaches Ad hoc terminology (terminologie ponctuelle) –on demand –in connection with a project Systematic terminology –by micro-domains IATE – ex Eurodicautom : water quality

Method depends on goals –How to define the goals ? translation ? technical writing ? quality control ? building on to an existing resource? etc.

Characteristics of a term a name –nouns –noun phrases unit of thought or understanding used in a specialized area of knowledge or activity

Simple terms, complex terms –How do we distinguish between terms and other, discursive noun phrases?

Communicative –Terms are the vehicles of specialised communication pragmatic aspect –between specialists (basic level for terminology work) –between specialists and future specialists –between specialists and non specialists (semi-specialists and non-specialists : popular science)

Cf. Le Pavel Termes simples par dérivation : budgétiser; disquette Termes simples par composition :télétravail (travail à distance); cybermarchand (vendeur sur Internet) Termes simples par télescopage : logithèque (bibliothèque de logiciels) Termes simples par acronymie : maser (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) Termes simples par siglaison : ZLEA (Zone de libre-échange des Amériques); SRAS (syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère) Termes complexes par jonction –zéro-tolérance; e-formation (formation en ligne) Termes complexes par juxtaposition –édition électronique; pollution par le bruit, université virtuelle – e1_2_5_f.html

Some criteria for distinguishing terms semantic : the term refers to a single concept quantitative : frequency in similar sorts of texts taxonomic : part of a hierarchical classification synonymic : synonym of a recognized term neological: name for a new concept in the field typographical: use of inverted commas, italics, etc. - Cours 5 : Introduction à la terminologie, LUnité terminologique: le découpage des termes complexes

Ask an expert! …. but not straight off! A term [is a] –specialised concept –used in a specialised field by experts/specialists –Experts can define the term/concept –Experts can relate the term with other terms of the field –thus giving insight into the knowledge structure