Relative pronouns Relative pronouns are used as replacements for a repeated noun or pronoun in a subordinate clause. TWO SENTENCES: I am looking for my.

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Transcription de la présentation:

Relative pronouns Relative pronouns are used as replacements for a repeated noun or pronoun in a subordinate clause. TWO SENTENCES: I am looking for my pen. My pen was on the table. REPEATED NOUN TWO CLAUSES: I am looking for my pen, which was on the table. MAIN CLAUSE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE Both original sentences deal with the same topic, my pen. Join the two sentences with a relative pronoun. The first part of the sentence is called the main clause, the second, containing the relative pronoun, is the subordinate clause. TWO SENTENCES: Je cherche mon stylo. Mon style était sur la table. TWO CLAUSES: Je cherche mon style qui était sur la table. To select the correct relative pronoun, determine whether the repeated noun in the sentence to be used as a subordinate clause is the subject (qui) or the direct object (que).

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN QUI Subject of a clause: qui If the repeated noun in the subordinate clause is the subject, it is replaced by qui. Voilà le professeur. Le professeur arrive en ce moment. Voilà le professeur qui arrive en ce moment. SUBJECTVERB Voici un devoir. Le devoir est difficile. Voici un devoir qui est difficile. SUBJECTVERB Je cherche un homme. Il parle chinois. (Il = un homme) Je cherche un homme qui parle chinois. SUBJECTVERB

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN QUE Direct object of a clause: que (qu) When the repeated noun in the subordinate clause is teh direct object, it is replaced by que (in front of a vowel sound qu). This word must be moved to teh beginning of the clause while the other words remain in place. 1. Voici une voiture neuve. Jaime cette voiture. D.O. Jaime que SUBSTITUTION que jaime. CORRECT ORDER Voici une voiture neuve que jaime. Heres a new car that I like. 2. Où est ce livre? Jai perdu le livre. D.O. Jai perdu que SUBSTITUTION que jai perdu. CORRECT ORDER Où est le livre que jai perdu? Where is the book [that] I lost?

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN QUE If the noun replaced is plural or feminine singular, and a compound tense is being used in the subordinate clause, the past participle must now agree in gender and number with the noun. By placing the direct object que at the head of the subordinate clause, you are creating a PDO. 3. Jaime beaucoup la pièce. Jai vu cette pièce hier soir. Jai vu que hier soir. que jai vue hier soir. 4. Voilà une faute de grammaire.Jean a fait cette faute. Jean a fait que que Jean a faite.

SIMPLIFIED RULE: QUI or QUE? Knowing that a subject is usually in the inital position in a sentence, use qui in the subordinate clause if the repeated noun is first in the sentence; if the repeated noun comes later in the sentence (after the verb), it is probably a direct object, and you may use que). As a mnemonic device, use the following: REPLACING A NOUN:IN THE NEW CLAUSE IT IS: I NITIAL WORD: QU I [followed by a VERB] E ND WORD: QU E [followed by a NOUN or PRONOUN] Thus, when combining the following sentences: Voilà une voiture, Jean a acheté cette voiture. Voiture is the repeated noun, so que is used because it is at the end of the sentence. Voilà la voiture que Jean a achetée.

QUELQUES EXEMPLES Marie est une étudiante sérieuse qui est absente aujourdhui. La machine que vous cherchez est dans cette boîte. Jai déjà lu ce roman que vous mavez prêté. Jean-Paul, qui a lair hostile, a préparé son exposé. Jai besoin de largent que mon père ma promis. Les questions que notre prof nous pose sont très difficiles. La pièce que nous allons voire, sera jouée à la Comédie Française.

Merci! Le Pont Neuf French Grammar in Review Fourth Edition par Edward M. Stack