XIX th- XX th Century “Isms”

Four figures give their views on reform; a Whig, Charles Grey ( ) says ‘Reform is absolutely necessary to prevent Revolution’; a Tory, the Duke of Wellington ( ) says ‘I do maintain that Reform means nothing else than Revolution’; a Liberal, possibly John Lee Lee ( ) says ‘A Leetle Reform is wanting but fiddlededee about Revolution’; a Radical, William Cobbett ( ) brandishing a gridiron says ‘I say if we don’t have a Real Radical Reform we’ll have a Revolution’; 1831

Before we examine people’s misnomered misconceptions of politics, it is critical to understand the general difference between “Left” or “Left Wing” and “Right” or “Right Wing.” The terms “Left” and “Right” actually originate in the 18th century French Legislature where those loyal to the King and to religion sat on the right while those opposed to the King and were in favor of revolution sat on the left.

Conservatism unwillingness or slowness to accept change or new ideas a right-of-center political philosophy based on a tendency to support gradual rather than abrupt change and to preserve the status quo an ideology that views the existing form of society as worthy of preservation

Liberalism a belief in tolerance and gradual reform in moral, religious, or political matters a political ideology with its beginnings in western Europe that rejects authoritarian government and defends freedom of speech, association, and religion, and the right to own property. an economic theory in favor of free competition and minimal government regulation

Romanticisme a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

Nationalism patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts. Synonyms:patriotism, patriotic sentiment, xenophobia, chauvinism, jingoïsme "their extreme nationalism was frightening" an extreme form of this, especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries.plural noun: nationalisms advocacy of political independence for a particular country.

Industrialization is a noun that means the development of commercial enterprise. Industrialization occurs when industry is introduced on a large scale to a region or country — for example, when an economy goes from being based on agriculture to being based on manufacturing and other industries.

FORGET WHAT YOU THINK YOU KNOW ABOUT ConservatismLiberalismRomanticismSocialismNationalismFeminism

CONSERVATISM Social Class(es): Buzzwords Mixes Well WithDoesn’t Play Well With Proponent(s) Document(s) TraditionInstitutionsPrivileges LLLL LLLL C C Aristocracy / Landed Gentry Romanticism ( Sometimes ) Liberalism Socialism Nationalism Edmund Burke, Metternich Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France Liberalism ( vs. Socialism ) RRRR RRRR NNNN NNNN SSSS SSSS FFFF FFFF

LIBERALISM Social Class(es): Buzzwords Mixes Well WithDoesn’t Play Well With Proponent(s) Document(s) Bourgeoisie (Professional Class) Nationalism (Self-Determination) Conservatism Romanticism SOCIALISM Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill Wealth of Nations, On Liberty LIBERTY Laissez-faire Reform Constitution Choice Individualism Natural Rights Equality PROGRESS Conservatism (vs. Socialism) L L CCCC CCCC RRRR RRRR NNNN NNNN SSSS SSSS FFFF FFFF

Conservatism vs. Liberalism ConservativeLiberal INHERITED INHERITED Rights A connection with the past NATURAL NATURAL Rights God-given

Burke’s Liberal Conservatism Burke supported the American Revolution because it combined liberal values with a connection with the British tradition of government.

Revolutions Compared GLORIOUS Revolution FRENCH Revolution MODIFIED Existing Institutions DESTROYED Existing Institutions

Revolutions Compared GLORIOUS Revolution FRENCH Revolution MODIFIED Existing Institutions CREATED Brand New Institutions

ROMANTICISM Social Class(es): Buzzwords Mixes Well WithDoesn’t Play Well With Proponent(s) Document(s) Artists, Authors, & Poets Conservatism (Backward Looking) Nationalism (It’s Just Beautiful) Liberalism William Blake (Poet) Eugène Delacroix (Artist) The Sorrows of Young Werther FrankensteinBlake’s Poetry Beauty Nature Nostalgia Enlightenment LLLL LLLL CCCC CCCC R R NNNN NNNN SSSS SSSS FFFF FFFF

NATIONALISM Social Class(es): Buzzwords Mixes Well WithDoesn’t Play Well With Proponent(s) Document(s) ALL (Nationality Transcends Class) Liberalism (Self-Determination) Romanticism (Beauty & Ideals) Conservatism Mazzini (Italy) Hegel (German Philosopher) The Duties of Man (Mazzini) Grimm’s Fairy Tales Spirit (Volksgeist) FreedomIndependence LLLL LLLL CCCC CCCC RRRR RRRR N N SSSS SSSS FFFF FFFF

SOCIALISM Social Class(es): Buzzwords Mixes Well WithDoesn’t Play Well With Proponent(s) Document(s) Working Classes It’s Complicated Conservatism LIBERALISM Louis Blanc, Karl Marx Organization of Work, The Communist Manifesto JUSTICE EQUALITY FAIRNESS Harmony Cooperation Association Organization Community FREEDOM LLLL LLLL CCCC CCCC RRRR RRRR NNNN NNNN S S FFFF FFFF

Conservatism SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege The Old Regime Based on Privilege Two Competing Alternatives

Conservatism SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege The Old Regime Based on Privilege INDIVIDUALISM Every Man For Himself

Conservatism SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege The Old Regime Based on Privilege COLLECTIVISM We’re All In This Together

Conservatism SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege The Old Regime Based on Privilege INDIVIDUALISMCOLLECTIVISM

Conservatism SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege SOCIALISM Abolish Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege LIBERALISM Abolish Privilege The Old Regime Based on Privilege INDIVIDUALISMCOLLECTIVISM Conservatives and Liberals shared a belief in private property and a fear of socialism

Remember the Ladies

FEMINISM Social Class(es): Buzzwords Mixes Well WithDoesn’t Play Well With Proponent(s) Document(s) WOMEN Liberalism Socialism Conservatism Mary Wollstonecraft John Stuart Mill A Vindication of the Rights of Woman The Subjection of Women Gender PrivilegeGender EqualityNatural Rights Feminists employed these philosophies – not to say that Liberals and Socialists were feminists LLLL LLLL CCCC CCCC RRRR RRRR NNNN NNNN SSSS SSSS F F

Le militarisme Catégorie: une forme de gouvernement Caractéristiques: - Un grand militaire agressif - Les politiques de guerre - La croyance qu’il faut toujours maintenir un militaire pret à défendre le pays Exemple: Le Japon pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale Comparaisons? Non

Le socialisme/Le marxisme Categorie: Une idéologie Caractéristiques: - Une société égale, basée sur la coopération et non la compétition L’élimination des classes sociales (l’idée marxiste) Un gouvernement totalitaire Exemple: Il n’existe pas de pays complètement socialiste, mais plutôt communiste Comparisons? Le communisme (qui est basé sur le marxisme)

Le libéralisme/La démocratie Catégorie: Une forme de gouvernement qui signifie “dirigé par le peuple” Caractéristiques: -La participation directe ou indirecte (representative) -Les droits de l’individu (les libertés...) -Des parties d’opposition Exemple: Le Canada, Les Etats-Unis, La Grande- Bretagne etc... Comparisons? Non

Le capitalisme Catégorie: un système économique Caractéristiques: -Contrôlé par les individus et les compagnies privées. -Le peuple est libre à decider comment il va gagner et dépenser son salaire -Les classes sociales -L’instabilité économique -Exemple: Le Canada, Les Etats-Unis -Comparisons? Non

L’imperialisme Catégorie: Un mouvement pour le contrôle des colonies. La ‘colonisation’ Caractéristiques: -Un pays maternel et une colonie -La pays maternel contrôle tous les aspects de la colonie. Ex: l’infrastructure, la culture, les institutions sociales etc. Exemple: plusieurs pays africains ex: Le Rwanda a été colonisé par la Belgique Comparisons? Non

Le totalitarisme/L’absolutisme Catégorie: Une forme de gouvernement Caractéristiques: -Une dictature, une personne a le pouvoir ‘absolu’ Exemples: La Russie (communiste), L’Allemagne nazie (fasciste) Comparisons? Le fascisme, le nazisme, le communisme

Le fascisme Catégorie: une forme de gouvernement Caractéristiques: -Une dictature -En pouvoir souvent après un coup -L’etat contrôle tout (totalitaire) -Le patriotisme extrême -Les politiques de guerre -La persécution des minorités -La propagande Exemples: l’Italie sous la direction de Mussolini, L’Espagne sous la direction de Franco, L’ Allemagne sous la direction de Hitler Comparisons? Le nazisme, le totalitarisme

Le communisme Catégorie: une forme du gouvernement, basé sur le marxisme Caractéristiques: -Un seul bloc – pas d’opposition -Un gouvernement totalitaire -La propriété publique des moyens de production -L’éducation est importante Exemples? Le Cuba, Le Vîet-Nam, La Corée du Nord... Comparisons? Le socialisme/le marxisme