Quantum Computer A New Era of Future Computing Ahmed WAFDI ??????

Table of Contents Introduction Conclusion Why quantium Computers ? Data Representation Operations on Data Uses of quantum computers 2

Introduction A wide image and texts A quantum computer is a machine that performs calculations based on the laws of quantum mechanics, which is the behavior of particles at the sub-atomic level. What is a quantum computer? 3

“The number of transistors incorporated in a chip will approximately double every 24 months,” -- Gordon Moore, Intel CoFounder.

Why Quantum Computing ? 5 By 2020 to 2025, transistors will be so small and it will generate so much heat that standard silicon technology may eventually collapse. Already Intel has implemented 32nm silicon technology If scale becomes too small, Electrons tunnel through micro-thin barriers between wires corrupting signals.

Representation of Data 6 A bit of data is represented by a single atom that is in one of two states denoted by |0> and |1>. A single bit of this form is known as a qubit A physical implementation of a qubit could use the two energy levels of an atom. An excited state representing |1> and a ground state representing |0>. Qubits Excited State Ground State Nucleu s Light pulse of frequency for time interval t Electro n State |0>State |1>

Representation of Data 7 A single qubit can be forced into a superposition of the two states denoted by the addition of the state vectors: |  > =  |0> +  |1> Where  and  are complex numbers and |  | + |  | = 1 Superposition A qubit in superposition is in both of the states |1> and |0 at the same time

Quantum Gates Quantum Gates are similar to classical gates, but do not have a degenerate output. i.e. their original input state can be derived from their output state, uniquely. They must be reversible. 8

Operations on Data  Due to the nature of quantum physics, the destruction of information in a gate will cause heat to be evolved which can destroy the superposition of qubits. Long text only 9 InputOutput C In these 3 cases, information is being destroyed Ex. The AND Gate  This type of gate cannot be used. We must use Quantum Gates. C A B

AIMedicine Security 10

Conclusio n  11