Realised by : KARA Chahinez MEFELLAH Fatima Zohra PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF ALGIERS 1 FACULTY OF SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

For 2,5 million years the earth's climate has fluctuated cycling from ice ages to warmer periods, but in the century the planets temperature has risen unusually fast about 1,2 to 1,4 f . Scientists belive that it is humain activities that's driving the temperature up, a process known as global worming. Introduction

Definition : Global warming describes the current rise in the average temperature of Earth’s air and oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate

What’s the difference between “global warming” and “climate change”? GLOBAL WARMING is the increase of the Earth’s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere CLIMATE CHANGE is a broader term that refers to long- term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation.

How Global Warming Works Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )

Cause of Global Warming

Global warming is caused by anthropogenic activities. Fossil fuel consumption is increasing rapidly to satisfy growing energy demand after the Industrial Revolution, which started at the end of the 18 th century CO2 Emission by fuel

Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Global mean Temperature Atmospheric CO2concentration and global mean temperature increase with the rapid increase of CO2emission.

Carbon Cycle The carbon (C) circulates among terrestrial plants, the atmosphere and the ocean, undergoing various reactions. However, anthropogenic activities like fossil fuel burning and deforestation have released carbon (C) to the atmosphere and have increased the carbon in the at mosphere. Burning C + O CO2 This carbon increase in the atmosphere leads to the global warming. Carbon C Circulates on the Earth.

) Greenhouse effect

 Rapid Industrialization  Population Explosion  Depletion Of Natural Resources  Natural Phenomena  Modification Of Ecosystems

Projection of Climate Change CO2 concentration increase causes the rises of the global temperature and sea level. te mperature rise of 1.4 deg.Cat the lowest and 5.8 deg.Cat the highest is projected in case of no CO2emission reduction.

Sea level rise of 0.1m at the lowest and 0.9m at the highest is projected in case of no CO2emission reduction.

Global Warming However, increase in atmospheric concentration of CO2causes global warming. CO2 increase in the atmosphere “thickens”the infrared radiation absorption layer. The “thicker”absorption layer keeps the earth warmer.

Impacts of global Warming

Melting Of Polar Ice Caps  Rise in Sea Levels  Throw global ecosystems out of balance  Will endanger several species of animals

 Melting of glaces  Increase in the intensity of extreme weather events  Significant changes to the amount and pattern of precipitation

How can we Stop Global Warming??

The good news is that we have the technology and practical solutions at hand to accomplish it Power your home with renewable energy Recycling

Energy efficiency and conservation  Use of passive solar building design, low-energy building, or zero-energy building techniques, using renewable heat sources Transport  plug-in hybrid electric vehicles  A shift from air transport and truck transport to electric rail transport  Increasing the use of biofuels

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a plan to mitigate climate change by capturing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from large point sources such as power plants and subsequently storing it away safely instead of releasing it into the atmosphere.

It is motivated by evidence that seeding the oceans with iron will increase phytoplankton populations, and there by draw more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

The population explosion is a fundamental factor that has led to global warming Because of this, various organizations promote population control as a means for mitigating global warming. Proposed measures include improving access to family planning and reproductive health care and information, public education about the consequences of continued population growth.

Policies like: Kyoto Protocol Carbon emissions trading Carbon tax

There is a lot of evidence that the climate of the earth is changing. Human activities are releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and already changing the climate. Human society will face new risks pressures. Economic activities, human settlements, and human health will experience many direct and indirect effects. The poor and disadvantaged are the most vulnerable to the negative consequences of climate change C onclusion

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