Samuel Pfeifer, M.D. Clinic Sonnenhalde Riehen / Switzerland Nos conflits intérieurs – tranfert et contre transfert en relation d‘aide Samuel Pfeifer, M.D. Clinic Sonnenhalde Riehen / Switzerland

Fondements bibliques Psaume 38.10 Seigneur, tout mon désir est devant toi, et mon soupir ne t’est pas caché. Jacques 4.1-3 ; Jacques 1.13-15 Eléments psycho dynamiques de la Bible

Survol Les participants sont conscients des tensions intérieures d’eux-mêmes et de leurs clients. Ils connaissent les termes de „transfert“ et de „contre transfert”. Ils connaissent des façons saines ou dysfonctionnelles de gérer ces tensions intérieures. Des éléments constructifs de la relation thérapeutique : la compassion, des limites et l’humilité.

Domaines de tension Expérience intérieure Cadre extérieur I D E A U X Je veux faire ce qui est juste et bon, ce qui plait à Dieu. Solidarité, honnêteté, CROYANCES Besoins, désirs, pulsions, impulsions, émotions Règles et limites (sous)culturelles Even if there are no external limitations, they are created by negative experiences and transmitted to the next generation or the group of followers. Imagine a boy sleeping with a girl (in love and without moral restriction) and then disappointing the girl. She starts crying, clings to him, shouts at him – negative experience. He may learn from this experience and create new moral standards. SENSITIVE PERSONS perceive the consequences of their acts and behaviour more sensitively and thus create more subcultural (sensitive) rules and limitations, moral guideline, moral scruples. IDEALS AND BELIEFS An important ideal (without religion) is solidarity Love for a person. BELIEFS: When I live in God‘s will, nothing evil will happen to me. When I pray for the right partner, my marriage will work. R E A L I T E Situation générale, réseau social, TRAUMA Constitution Physique/émotionelle Cadre extérieur

Gérer les tensions / les conflits Sain : Anticipation (être préparé) Sublimation Sciemment se passer de Compensation Humour Altruisme Foi Problématique : Répression Déni Déplacement Rationalisation Réaction formation Isolation Projection Plaintes somatiques Agression passive Rêve éveillé Débordement émotionnel

Définition du Transfert Redirection de sentiments inconscients d’une personne à une autre. “Répétition inappropriée dans le présent d’une relation qui était importante lors de l’enfance de la personne”. “La redirection de sentiments et de désirs, en particulier de ceux retenus inconsciemment depuis son enfance, envers un nouvel objet.” “Une reproduction d’émotions, qui ont trait à des expériences réprimées, surtout au début du contact avec l’accompagnant.” Transference is a phenomenon in psychology characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings for one person to another. One definition of transference is "the inappropriate repetition in the present of a relationship that was important in a person's childhood."[1] Another definition is "the redirection of feelings and desires and especially of those unconsciously retained from childhood toward a new object."[2] Still another definition is "a reproduction of emotions relating to repressed experiences, esp[ecially] of childhood, and the substitution of another person ... for the original object of the repressed impulses."[3] Transference was first described by Sigmund Freud, who acknowledged its importance for psychoanalysis for better understanding of the patient's feelings. According to "The Source" published in June 2001, "During transference, people turn into a "biological time machine". A nerve is struck when someone says or does something that reminds you of your past. This creates an "emotional time warp" that transfers your emotional past and your psychological needs into the present. In less poetic terms, a transference reaction means that you are reacting to someone in terms of what you need to see, you are afraid of or what you see when you know very little about the person. This all happens without you knowing why you feel and react the way you do." It is common for people to transfer feelings from their parents to their partners (emotional incest) or to children (cross-generational entanglements). For instance, one could mistrust somebody who resembles an ex-spouse in manners, voice, or external appearance; or be overly compliant to someone who resembles a childhood friend. Transference is a key concept of systemic coaching and an important modality in human relationships. Martyn Carruthers wrote that transference emerges, along with counter-transference and transference loops, in the context of interpersonal relationships. Carruthers provides ways to recognize and dissolve six types of transferences common between partners, family members and teams. In The Psychology of the Transference, Carl Jung states that within the transference dyad both participants typically experience a variety of opposites, that in love and in psychological growth, the key to success is the ability to endure the tension of the opposites without abandoning the process, and that this tension allows one to grow and to transform.[4] Transference is common. Only in a personally or socially harmful context can transference be described as a pathological issue.

„Machine biologique à remonter le temps“ “Machine biologique à remontre le temps ". Lorsque quelqu’un dit ou fait quelque chose, une corde est touchée qui vous rappelle votre passé. Ceci créé un racourci émotionnel dans le temps, qui transfère votre passé émotionnel et vos besoins psychologiques dans le présent. Une réaction de transfert, veut dire que vous réagissez à quelqu’un en termes de ce que vous devez voir, craignez, ou voyez lorsque vous connaissez très peu la personne. Tout ceci arrive sans que vous sachiez pourquoi vous ressentez et réagissez de la façon dont vous le faites.“ Psychologie “de salon”: transfert de sentiments de parents envers leurs enfants ou partenaires, conflit intergénérationnel. Par exemple, on pourrait se méfier de quelqu’un qui ressemble à son ex-conjoint, de par ses façons de faire, sa voix ou son apparence extérieure. Transference is a phenomenon in psychology characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings for one person to another. One definition of transference is "the inappropriate repetition in the present of a relationship that was important in a person's childhood."[1] Another definition is "the redirection of feelings and desires and especially of those unconsciously retained from childhood toward a new object."[2] Still another definition is "a reproduction of emotions relating to repressed experiences, esp[ecially] of childhood, and the substitution of another person ... for the original object of the repressed impulses."[3] Transference was first described by Sigmund Freud, who acknowledged its importance for psychoanalysis for better understanding of the patient's feelings. According to "The Source" published in June 2001, "During transference, people turn into a "biological time machine". A nerve is struck when someone says or does something that reminds you of your past. This creates an "emotional time warp" that transfers your emotional past and your psychological needs into the present. In less poetic terms, a transference reaction means that you are reacting to someone in terms of what you need to see, you are afraid of or what you see when you know very little about the person. This all happens without you knowing why you feel and react the way you do." It is common for people to transfer feelings from their parents to their partners (emotional incest) or to children (cross-generational entanglements). For instance, one could mistrust somebody who resembles an ex-spouse in manners, voice, or external appearance; or be overly compliant to someone who resembles a childhood friend. Transference is a key concept of systemic coaching and an important modality in human relationships. Martyn Carruthers wrote that transference emerges, along with counter-transference and transference loops, in the context of interpersonal relationships. Carruthers provides ways to recognize and dissolve six types of transferences common between partners, family members and teams. In The Psychology of the Transference, Carl Jung states that within the transference dyad both participants typically experience a variety of opposites, that in love and in psychological growth, the key to success is the ability to endure the tension of the opposites without abandoning the process, and that this tension allows one to grow and to transform.[4] Transference is common. Only in a personally or socially harmful context can transference be described as a pathological issue.

Supporter la tension C.G. Jung sur le transfert dans la dyade : La clé du succès est la capacité de supporter la tension des contraires, sans abandonner le processus. Le transfert est commun. Il ne peut être décrit comme un thème pathologique que dans un contexte nuisible sur le plan personnel ou social. Transference is a phenomenon in psychology characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings for one person to another. One definition of transference is "the inappropriate repetition in the present of a relationship that was important in a person's childhood."[1] Another definition is "the redirection of feelings and desires and especially of those unconsciously retained from childhood toward a new object."[2] Still another definition is "a reproduction of emotions relating to repressed experiences, esp[ecially] of childhood, and the substitution of another person ... for the original object of the repressed impulses."[3] Transference was first described by Sigmund Freud, who acknowledged its importance for psychoanalysis for better understanding of the patient's feelings. According to "The Source" published in June 2001, "During transference, people turn into a "biological time machine". A nerve is struck when someone says or does something that reminds you of your past. This creates an "emotional time warp" that transfers your emotional past and your psychological needs into the present. In less poetic terms, a transference reaction means that you are reacting to someone in terms of what you need to see, you are afraid of or what you see when you know very little about the person. This all happens without you knowing why you feel and react the way you do." It is common for people to transfer feelings from their parents to their partners (emotional incest) or to children (cross-generational entanglements). For instance, one could mistrust somebody who resembles an ex-spouse in manners, voice, or external appearance; or be overly compliant to someone who resembles a childhood friend. Transference is a key concept of systemic coaching and an important modality in human relationships. Martyn Carruthers wrote that transference emerges, along with counter-transference and transference loops, in the context of interpersonal relationships. Carruthers provides ways to recognize and dissolve six types of transferences common between partners, family members and teams. In The Psychology of the Transference, Carl Jung states that within the transference dyad both participants typically experience a variety of opposites, that in love and in psychological growth, the key to success is the ability to endure the tension of the opposites without abandoning the process, and that this tension allows one to grow and to transform.[4] Transference is common. Only in a personally or socially harmful context can transference be described as a pathological issue.

Contre transfert – Définition Le contre transfert est une condition dans laquelle le thérapeute commence à transférer ses propres sentiments inconscients sur le patient, comme résultats des sessions thérapeutiques. Par exemple un thérapeute peut avoir un fort désir pour que son client obtienne d’excellentes notes à l’Université, parce qu’il lui rappelle ses propres enfants à ce stade de la vie, ainsi que les angoisses qu’a ressenti le thérapeute à cette époque. Un autre exemples serait celui d’un thérapeute qui n’a pas reçu suffisamment d’attention de la part de son père, et qui perçoit son client comme étant trop distant et qui lui en veut pour cette raison. Définition 2 : L’ensemble des sentiments qu’éprouve le thérapeute envers son patient. Exemples : Le thérapeute prend sur lui la souffrance de son patient. Sur-identification, sans limites Haine du CT, parce que le patient ne fait pas de progrès.

Contre transfert problématique Haine du CT. Attrait du CT. Dominance CT (être directif) – insister malgré la résistance ou la faiblesse. CT dans le domaine religieux (style religieux etc.). CT = contre transfert

Que dit le CT sur nous ? Un CT peut montrer des manques/blessures dans notre propre histoire. Un CT peut être influencé par nos propres désirs non réalisés. - Réactualisation d’un trauma : “Elle vit exactement ce que j’aurais voulu faire (était tenté de faire), mais n’ait pas osé faire” Prendre votre propre expérience pour mesurer une réponse. Un CT peut être affaibli par le stress ou le burn-out.

Notions de base concernant le CT Un CT est une réponse émotionnelle naturelle, dans des relations thérapeutiques. Un CT a besoin d’une évaluation critique : Fonctionnel/Dysfonctionnel. Conscience des sentiments de CT peut offrir une fenêtre importante sur le monde intérieur du patient et sur les émotions et réactions que le client tend souvent à provoquer chez d’autres.

Idées à récupérer Nous avons besoin du CT pour avoir de l’empathie. Le CT doit d’abord être influencé par la compassion. Le CT doit reconnaître des limites saines : 10 vierges – huile limitée. Le CT doit être influencé par l’humilité : nous sommes des compagnons sur le chemin individuel de la personne, ni tout puissant, ni omniscient, ni le sauveur : (cf. les tentations formulées par Henri Nouwen : savoir tout, guérir tous, aimer tous).

Eléments bibliques : Jacques 1.19 : que chacun soit prompt à écouter, lent à parler, lent à la colère. Jacques 3.17 SAGESSE d’en haut

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