Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel Alain Blondel University of Geneva Neutrino Physics 1. What are neutrinos and how do we know ? 2. The neutrino questions.

Slides:



Advertisements
Présentations similaires
Primary French Presentation 2 Saying How You Are.
Advertisements

L’Heure Telling Time.
Les neutrinos Histoire : suggestions théoriques et découvertes expérimentales. Propriétés des n et leurs mesures directes : hélicité, nombre de saveurs,
Neutrino Physics Alain Blondel University of Geneva
Information Theory and Radar Waveform Design Mark R. bell September 1993 Sofia FENNI.
Look at the following sentences and tell me if they are in the past or the present tense 1. I go to the swimming pool every Thursday. 1. I go to the swimming.
Irregular verbs Irregular verbs are verbs (doing words) that don’t follow the normal rules. Because of this, we have to learn them by heart. Thankfully,
Un Sourire ... Texte original en français : Raoul Follereau
Laboratoire des outils informatiques pour la conception et la production en mécanique (LICP) ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE 1 Petri nets for.
Steps to Success: Be creative Be part of an experiment into spaced learning Pay close attention during the input sections -Do your best to learn from and.
Notes les novembre SAVOIR et CONNAÎTRE The verbs savoir and connaître both mean to know, but they are not interchangeable.
CHORES WITH FAIRE! Brainstorm: which expressions have we already learned with the verb “faire”??
V. Tisserand, LAPP-Annecy (CNRS-IN2P3 et Université de Savoie).
Les verbes qui se terminent en -ER (-ER verbs). French has both regular and irregular verbs. (English does too, for that matter.)
Révision Test #4 – L’impératif et la culture. Question #1 What are the two forms of impératif that we learned in class? (Ex: Je, tu il, elle …etc)
Le passé composé The perfect tense Eg: J’ai mangé une pizza I have eaten/ate a pizza.
Quelle force que celle de s’accepter comme on est !
Le Comparatif et le Superlatif
Interactiongravitationélectro- magnétisme faibleforte quantagraviton photon  gluon sourcemassecharge électrique charge faible couleur couplage0.53x10.
GDR Neutrino Marseille, 14/3/2005 J. Bouchez CEA-Saclay Implication française dans K2K et T2K Une stratégie par étapes L’expérience K2K Le projet T2K 1.
THE ADJECTIVES: BEAU, NOUVEAU AND VIEUX 1.
Forming questions in French
LA DATE MME YEE L'hôtel Français. Avant de lire 1. Have you ever stayed at a hotel? Where? 2. If not, what do you think it would be like? 3. What do you.
Les Mots Interrogatifs
Le Passé Composé - avec “avoir” Look at the following 3 sentences. Ali played football yesterday They have visited Paris 3 times We did tidy the bedroom.
The Passé Composé Tense Look at the following 3 sentences. Ali played football. Ali did play football. Ali has played football. What do they have in.
2 La négation Les normes: –Communication 1.2 –Comparisons 4.1:
Les Pronoms Direct & Indirect.
Pile-Face 1. Parlez en français! (Full sentences) 2. One person should not dominate the conversation 3. Speak the entire time The goal: Practice! Get better.
2 Le verbe « être » au pluriel Les normes: Communication 1.2 Comparisons 4.1 Les questions essentielles: - What are the plural subject pronouns in French?
Les verbes réfléchis -au présent -à l’impérative (command) -avec l’infinitif Rouge, Unit 1, Part 1 Page 44.
Gains from trade Principle # 5: Trades improve the well-being of all.
Year 10. Bon appetit unit. Introducing ‘en’. ‘en’ – ‘some of it’ or ‘some of them’ ‘En’ is a small but important word in French that is commonly used.
Jeunes, qui êtes-vous? Using reading strategies for comprehension, comparisons, and preparation for Café français.
EU Joint Programming: Belgium Expert meeting on EU Joint Programming April 26th 2013.
La mémoire(1): Comment bien travailler
Irregular Adjectives Not all adjectives are made the same.
Les verbes réfléchis.
Neutrinos (reliques) de supernovae et leurs propriétés Cristina VOLPE (Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, FRANCE)
Welcome to our French II Live Lesson! Today we will talk about: Lessons 03.05, 03.06, Des Verbes Irréguliers Le Négatif.
Adjective agreement the wizard way
Christina Arecy April 10 th  In the standard dictionary, the term legacy is define as a gift by will especially of money or other personal property.
Modèles d’interaction et scénarios
Card sorting Cut out the cards, then try to sort them into 4 groups. You’ll need to think about: -What the words mean -How they’re spelt -Which ones you.
Welcome everyone.
Object pronouns How to say “him”, “her”, “it”, “them”
1. Est-ce que Est-ce que, literally translated "is it that," can be placed at the beginning of any affirmative sentence to turn it into a question: Je.
On conjugue! [Avoir et Etre] It is very important to learn and practise using the conjugations of verbs in French.
University of Ottawa - Bio 4118 – Applied Biostatistics © Antoine Morin and Scott Findlay 24/07/2015 2:29 PM Bootstrap et permutations.
Julien MOREL - GRD SUSY - Lyon 12/07/06 1 Recherche de Z’  e + e - avec ATLAS auprès du LHC Fabienne LEDROIT Julien MOREL LPSC - Grenoble.
The Passé Composé Regular verbs with avoir Look at the following 3 sentences. Ali played football yesterday They have visited Paris 3 times We did tidy.
Unité 6 Leçon B. Forming yes/no questions  To form a yes/no question in French in the simplest way, add a question mark at the end of the sentence, and.
Nous parlons des matières Buts: To be able to give extended opinions on school subjects To express agreement or disagreement.
Français I – Leçon 6A Structures demonstrative adjectives passé composé with avoir.
The Passé Composé Objective: to talk about things we have done on a visit to explain what events happened to speak and write about events in the past.
What’s the weather like?. Look at the verb phrase fait-il above Turn it around and you have il fait The phrase Il fait can be used to describe lots of.
Flash-on-flash-off! You will see some French text in a minute but it will only be on the board for a minute then it will disappear.
Introduction à la Physique des Particules
Le Chatelier's Principle Lesson 2. Le Chatelier’s Principle If a system in equilibrium is subjected to a change processes occur that oppose the imposed.
OBJECT PRONOUNS WITH THE PASSÉ COMPOSÉ Page 122. Placement  With all object pronouns, placement is the same. DirectIndirectPlaces De+ nouns or ideas.
Negative sentences Questions
1.3 © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Forming questions Rising intonation is the simplest way to ask a question. Just say the same words as.
Discussion des résultats. Le boson Z Le boson H Rappel des objectifs Rechercher dans les données prises par ATLAS :
Un petit peu de grammaire… Le passé composé. On récapitule…le verbe “être” Jesuis Tu es Il est Elle est Nous sommes Vous êtes Ils sont Elles sont.
Le Passif...getting to know the Passive Voice in French!
1 Activité faisceau longue distance: développement prototype de détecteur 5 juillet 2013 programme de R&D sur la technologie LAr pour détecteur lointain.
Quantum Computer A New Era of Future Computing Ahmed WAFDI ??????
Question formation In English, you can change a statement into a question by adding a helping verb (auxiliary): does he sing? do we sing? did they sing.
Transcription de la présentation:

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel Alain Blondel University of Geneva Neutrino Physics 1. What are neutrinos and how do we know ? 2. The neutrino questions 3. Neutrino mass and neutrino oscillations 4. neutrino oscillations and CP violation 5. on-going and future neutrino experiments on oscillations 6. on-going and future neutrino-less double-beta experiments 7. Conclusions

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel Les neutrinos interagissent très peu et ont une masse extrêmement faible. Pourtant il se pourrait bien qu'ils détiennent la clé de plusieurs questions fondamentales en physique des particules. On passera en revue les expériences les plus marquantes par lesquelles les propriétés des neutrinos ont été établies, puis on fera un bilan des questions actuelles et du programme d'expériences prévu pour y répondre. 1. Propriétés des neutrinos: découverte, hélicité, neutrinos et antineutrinos, les familles de neutrinos. 2. Interactions des neutrinos, courant charges et courants neutres, les neutrinos dans le Modèle Standard. 3. La découverte des neutrinos du soleil, et le mystère des neutrinos solaires. Les neutrinos atmosphériques et la découverte des transmutations de neutrinos. 4. Propriétés des neutrinos massifs, les oscillations. Oscillations de neutrino oscillations avec trois familles. Les expériences neutrino auprès des réacteurs nucléaires. 5. La recherche de l'angle manquant theta_13. Les effets de matière et la violation de CP, le programme expérimental futur sur les oscillations. 6. Les mesures directes de la masse des neutrinos. Les neutrinos et la cosmologie. 7. Questions théoriques sur les masses des neutrinos, masses de Dirac ou de Majorana ? La recherche de la désintégration double beta sans neutrinos. Envoi sur le rôle des neutrinos pour façonner l'univers. Evaluation Examen oral. Sessions : Juin - Août/Septembre ECTS : 3.5

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel Neutrinos have mass and mix This is NOT the Standard Model why cant we just add masses to neutrinos?

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel e+  e– since Charge(e+) = – Charge(e–). But neutrinos may not carry any conserved charge-like quantum number. There is NO experimetal evidence or theoretical need for a conserved Lepton Number L as L( ν ) = L(l–) = –L( ν ) = –L(l+) = 1 Majorana neutrinos or Dirac neutrinos? then, nothing distinguishes from ! violation of fermion number….

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel Adding masses to the Stadard model neutrino 'simply' by adding a Dirac mass term implies adding a right-handed neutrino. No SM symmetry prevents adding then a term like and this simply means that a neutrino turns into a antineutrino (the charge conjugate of a right handed antineutrino is a left handed neutrino!) this does not violate spin conservation since a left handed field has a component of the opposite helicity (and vice versa) L  m/E

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel In the most general way: M R  0 m D  0 Dirac + Majorana M R = 0 m D  0 Dirac only, (like e- vs e+): L R  R  L ½ 0 ½ 0 4 states of equal masses m I weak = Some have I=1/2 (active) Some have I=0 (sterile) M R  0 m D = 0 Majorana only L  R ½ ½ 2 states of equal masses m I weak = All have I=1/2 (active) M R  0 m D  0 Dirac + Majorana L N R  R  N L ½ 0 ½ 0 4 states, 2 mass levels m I weak = m1 have I=1/2 (active) m2 have I=0 (sterile)

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel Note that this is not necessary As one can have M anywhere…

Neutrinos : the New Physics there is… and a lot of it! SMDirac mass term only Majorana mass term only Dirac AND Majorana Mass terms L  R I= ½ ½ L R  R  L ½ 0 ½ 0 L ‘  R ‘ ½ ½ N R N L 0 0 L R ½ ½ X 3 Families 6 massless states 3 masses 12 states 3 active neutrinos 3 active antinu’s 6 sterile neutrinos… 3 mixing angles 1 CP violating phase 0v  = 0 3 masses 6 active states No steriles 3 mixing angles 3 CP violating phases 0v   0 6 masses 12 states 6 active states 6 sterile neutrinos… More mixing angles and CPV phases 0v   0  Leptogenesis and Dark matter Mass hierarchies are all unknown except m 1 < m 2 Preferred scenario has both Dirac and Majorana terms … … many physics possibilities and experimental challenges wrong

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel The mass spectrum of the elementary particles. Neutrinos are times lighter than other elementary fermions. The hierarchy of this spectrum remains a puzzle of particle physics. Most attractive wisdom: via the see-saw mwchanism, the neutrinos are very light because they are low-lying states in a split doublet with heavy neutrinos of mass scale interestingly similar to the grand unification scale. m  M  2 with ~= m top =174 GeV  for m     eV  M ~10 15  GeV

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel One often considers that M R ~ M GUT ~ to GeV

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel Pion decay with massive neutrinos   L +   L 1 (m /E) 2 (.05/ ) 2 = no problem L c = R

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel The smallest possible flavor neutrino mass? Valeurs présentes    e m would measure a distribution with three values of mass with the following probabilities ¦U 1e ¦ 2 ¦U 2e ¦ 2 ¦U 3e ¦ 2 =¦U 1e ¦ 2 m   ¦U 2e ¦ 2 m   ¦U 3e ¦ 2 m 

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel

have Majorana mass term

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel

ce que mesure le  est : m 1 m 2 m 3 are physical masses of active neutrino (I=1/2) which in this case are just the same as in oscillation experiments

(G F ) 4

GIF2004 Alain Blondel Criteria to select  events: 2 tracks with charge < 0 2 PMT, each > 200 keV PMT-Track association Common vertex Internal hypothesis (external event rejection) No other isolated PMT (  rejection) No delayed track ( 214 Bi rejection) Deposited energy: E 1 +E 2 = 2088 keV Internal hypothesis: (  t) mes –(  t) theo = 0.22 ns Common vertex: (  vertex)  = 2.1 mm Vertex emission typical 2  evenement NEMO

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel

GERDA has accumulated enough statistics now to confirm of not HdM result by summer 2013

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel

KAMLAND

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel

Neutrinos : the New Physics there is… and a lot of it! SMDirac mass term only Majorana mass term only Dirac AND Majorana Mass terms L  R I= ½ ½ L R  R  L ½ 0 ½ 0 L ‘  R ‘ ½ ½ N R N L 0 0 L R ½ ½ X 3 Families 6 massless states 3 masses 12 states 3 active neutrinos 3 active antinu’s 6 sterile neutrinos… 3 mixing angles 1 CP violating phase 0v  = 0 3 masses 6 active states No steriles 3 mixing angles 3 CP violating phases 0v   0 6 masses 12 states 6 active states 6 sterile neutrinos… More mixing angles and CPV phases 0v   0  Leptogenesis and Dark matter Mass hierarchies are all unknown except m 1 < m 2 Preferred scenario has both Dirac and Majorana terms … … many physics possibilities and experimental challenges wrong

Alain Blondel NUFACT Sterile neutrinos (  right handed neutrinos) Sterile neutrinos can have masses extending from (essentially 0) all the way to GUT-inspired GeV! We have many hints for ‘something that could be indications for sterile neutrinos ‘ in the ~ few eV 2 range In general these hints are not performed with the desired methodological quality -- no near detector -- no direct flux measurement -- no long target hadroproduction with full acceptance -- etc.. etc… -- none is 5 sigma -- need decisive experiments (> 5  significance) -- look wide! other ranges than LSND ‘effect’

1989 The Number of light neutrinos ALEPH+DELPHI+L3+OPAL in 2001 N =  Error dominated by systematics on luminosity.

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel At the basis of the experiment: background to golden channel is low, because there is no known neutrino interaction that produces a fast electromagnetic signal followed by a ‘slow neutron’ capture signal However we do not know all neutrino reactions at these low energies.

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel Can be fit by oscillation signal

Alain Blondel NUFACT

Thierry Lasserre

Alain Blondel NUFACT Shaewitz Neutrino 2012

Alain Blondel NUFACT Sterile neutrino search a global view: Detected by mixing between sterile and active neutrino ideal experiments: known process active,  known process sourcedetector sterile active,  1. disappearance, not necessarily oscillatory best is NC disappearance 0. if sterile cannot be produced (too heavy) apparent deficit in decay rate 2.    appearance (at higher order)

Alain Blondel NUFACT

Neutrino physics -- Alain Blondel CONCLUSIONS 1.Neutrinos were a cornerstone of the construction of the Standard Model helicity of neutrinos is LEFT (???) discovery of neutral currents and determination of nucleon structure of quarks 2. Neutrinos have mass there is no unique answer to this in the Standard Model Dirac or Majorana mass term, or both? 3. There are three families of neutrinos and they mix This is the source of neutrino oscillations and could lead to observable CP violation 4. If neutrinos have both Majorana and Dirac mass terms A possible explanation of small masses of active neutrinos Predicts the existence of neutrinoless double beta decay Predicts the existence of massive sterile neutrinos 5. AND…. Provide a beautiful dark matter candidate Provide an explanation for the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Univers