StRh 38a (15.10.2015) Roland Meynet Pourquoi des Exercices d’analyse rhétorique biblique ?

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des Exercices d’analyse rhétorique biblique ?

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Transcription de la présentation:

StRh 38a ( ) Roland Meynet Pourquoi des Exercices d’analyse rhétorique biblique ?

Un Traité de rhétorique biblique, c’est une grammaire. C’est très bien, mais ce n’est pas avec une grammaire qu’on apprend une langue, qu’on apprend à la comprendre, à la parler, à l’écrire.

Un Trattato di retorica biblica, è una grammatica. Va bene, ma non è con una grammatica che s’impara una lingua, che s’impara a capire, a parlare, a scrivere.

The Treatise on Biblical Rhetoric is a grammar. It is a wonderful thing, but it is not with a grammar that we learn a language, that we learn to understand it, to speak it, to write it.

Comme pour n’importe quel métier, pour n’importe quel sport, il faut s’exercer... longuement....

Come per qualsiasi mestiere, per qualsiasi sport, occorre allenarsi, con tanti esercizi...

As with any craft, for any sport, you have to practice... and for a long time... But where is the book: Exercises on Rhetorical Analysis? Be patient, please!

« Pourquoi des Exercices d’analyse rhétorique biblique», in R. M EYNET – J. O NISZCZUK, ed., Studi del quarto convegno RBS. International Studies on Biblical and Semitic Rhetoric, ReBibSem 5, G&B Press, Roma 2015, Je ne veux pas répéter ce que j’ai déjà publié sous ce titre : ce serait offensant. I will not repeat what I have already published under this title, it would be redundant. You can read it also on

Au lieu de faire de beaux discours sur les exercices, leur raison d’être, leur fonction... Invece di fare grandi discorsi sugli esercizi, la loro ragion d’essere, la loro funzione... Rather than talk about the exercises, their purpose, their function faisons un exercice!... facciamo un esercizio!... let us do an exercise!

Lisons la traduction liturgique du Magnificat – Let us read the liturgical translation Vous verrez que le texte est divisé en « segments » bimembres (distiques) pour la récitation ou le chant choral en deux chœurs. Vedrete che il testo è diviso in « segmenti » bimembri (distici) per la recita o il canto corale a cori alterni. You will see that the text is divided into bimember «segments» (couplets) for the recitation or choral singing in two choirs.

Traduction liturgique – Liturgical translation 46b Mon âme exalte le Seigneur, 47 exulte mon esprit en Dieu, mon Sauveur ! 48 Il s’est penché sur son humble servante ; désormais, tous les âges me diront bienheureuse. 49 Le Puissant fit pour moi des merveilles ; Saint est son nom ! 50 Son amour s’étend d’âge en âge sur ceux qui le craignent. 51 Déployant la force de son bras, il disperse les superbes. 52 Il renverse les puissants de leurs trônes, il élève les humbles. 53 Il comble de biens les affamés, renvoie les riches les mains vides. 54 Il relève Israël, son serviteur, il se souvient de son amour, 55 de la promesse faite à nos pères, en faveur d’Abraham et de sa race, à jamais. 46b My soul magnifies the Lord, 47 and my spirit rejoices in God, my Savior; 48 For He has regarded the lowliness of His handmaiden. For behold, from this day all generations will call me blessed. 49 For the Mighty One has done great things to me, and holy is His name; 50 And His mercy is on those who fear Him from generation to generation. 51 He has shown strength with his arm; He has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 He has cast down the mighty from their thrones and has exalted the lowly. 53 He has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich He has sent empty away. 54 He has helped his servant Israel in remembrance of his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and to his seed forever.

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b Grandit mon âme le Seigneur 47 et jubile mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’il a regardé l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me diront-heureuse tous les âges, 49 parce qu’il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 Il a renversé les puissants des trônes et il a élevé les humiliés. 53 Les affamés il a remplis de biens et les riches il a renvoyé vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b Magnifies my soul the Lord, 47 and rejoices my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for He has regarded the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now will call me blessed all generations 49 for he has done to me great things the Mighty One and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 He has cast down the mighty from the thrones and has exalted the lowly. 53 The hungry He has filled with good-things, and the rich He has sent away empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

Si vous voulez vraiment profiter de cet exercice, ne vous contentez pas de le lire. FAITES-LE systématiquement. If you really want to enjoy this exercise, do not just read it. DO IT systematically

Le segment comprend un, deux ou trois membres; 1. on parlera de segment «unimembre» (ou «monostique»), 2. de segment «bimembre» (ou «distique») 3. et de segment «trimembre» (ou «tristique»). The segment counts one, two or three members; 1. and there are unimember segments (or “monostichs”), 2. bimember segments (or “distichs”) 3. and trimember segments (or “tristichs”). Quel est le segment bimembre dont on peut penser qu’il est indubitable ? Which segment do you think is unmistakably bimember? Réécrivez-le pour faire voir le parallélisme, en alignant verticalement les termes qui se correspondent. Rewrite it to show the parallelism, aligning vertically the terms that correspond.

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b Grandit mon âme le Seigneur 47 et jubile mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’il a regardé l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me diront-heureuse tous les âges, 49 parce qu’il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 Il a renversé les puissants des trônes et il a élevé les humiliés. 53 Les affamés il a remplis de biens et les riches il a renvoyé vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b Magnifies my soul the Lord, 47 and rejoices my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for He has regarded the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now will call me blessed all generations 49 for he has done to me great things the Mighty One and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 He has cast down the mighty from the thrones and has exalted the lowly. 53 The hungry He has filled with good-things, and the rich He has sent away empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

Le verset 53 est un bimembre de construction parallèle, dont les deux membres sont antithétiques Verse 53 is a bimember segment of parallel composition, whose two membres are opposed. Maintenant cherchez un autre bimembre qui ressemble à celui-ci. Réécrivez-le! And now, search for another bimember segment similar to this. Rewrite it!

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b Grandit mon âme le Seigneur 47 et jubile mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’il a regardé l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me diront-heureuse tous les âges, 49 parce qu’il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 Il a renversé les puissants des trônes et il a élevé les humiliés. 53 Les affamés il a remplis de biens et les riches il a renvoyé vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b Magnifies my soul the Lord, 47 and rejoices my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for He has regarded the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now will call me blessed all generations 49 for He has done to me great things the Mighty One and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 He has cast down the mighty from the thrones and has exalted the lowly. 53 The hungry He has filled with good-things, and the rich He has sent away empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

Le verset 52 est aussi un bimembre de construction parallèle, dont les deux membres sont antithétiques Verse 52 is also a bimember segment of parallel composition, whose two members are opposed. Il existe aussi des segments trimembres. Peut-on dire que les deux premiers membres du chant forment un segment bimembre ? Réécrivez le premier segment ! There are also trimember segments. Can we not say that the first two members of the song form a bimember segment? Rewrite the first segment!

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b Grandit mon âme le Seigneur 47 et jubile mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’il a regardé l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me diront-heureuse tous les âges, 49 parce qu’il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 I L A RENVERSÉ les puissants des trônes et IL A ÉLEVÉ les humiliés. 53 Les affamés IL A REMPLIS de biens et les riches IL A RENVOYÉ vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b Magnifies my soul the Lord, 47 and rejoices my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for He has regarded the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now will call me blessed all generations 49 for He has done to me great things the Mighty One and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 H E HAS CAST DOWN the mighty from the thrones and HAS EXALTED the lowly. 53 The hungry H E HAS FILLED with good-things, and the rich H E HAS SENT AWAY empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

Avec les deux premiers membres la phrase n’est pas finie : elle continue avec la causale de 48a. With the first two members the sentence is not completed : it continues with the causal clause (48a). Vous pouvez trouver un autre segment trimembre semblable à celui-ci ? Réécrivez-le! Can you find another trimember segment similar to this first one? Rewrite it!

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b G RANDIT mon âme le Seigneur 47 et JUBILE mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’ IL A REGARDÉ l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me diront-heureuse tous les âges, 49 parce qu’il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 I L A RENVERSÉ les puissants des trônes et IL A ÉLEVÉ les humiliés. 53 Les affamés IL A REMPLIS de biens et les riches IL A RENVOYÉ vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b M AGNIFIES my soul the Lord, 47 and REJOICES my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for H E HAS REGARDED the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now will call me blessed all generations 49 for the Mighty One has done great things to me and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 H E HAS CAST DOWN the mighty from the thrones and HAS EXALTED the lowly. 53 The hungry H E HAS FILLED with good-things, and the rich H E HAS SENT AWAY empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

Les trois membres suivants forment eux aussi une phrase qui s’achève avec une causale. The three following members form a sentence which ends with a causal clause. Le « segment » comprend 1, 2 ou 3 membres ; puis le « morceau » comprend 1, 2 ou 3 segments. The «segment» contains 1, 2 or 3 members; likewise the «piece» contains 1, 2 or 3 segments. Quels sont les segments que vous pouvez déjà regrouper en un « morceau » ? Which segments can you already put together to make a «piece»?

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b G RANDIT mon âme le Seigneur 47 et JUBILE mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’ IL A REGARDÉ l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me diront-heureuse tous les âges, 49 parce qu’il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 I L A RENVERSÉ les puissants des trônes et IL A ÉLEVÉ les humiliés. 53 Les affamés IL A REMPLIS de biens et les riches IL A RENVOYÉ vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b M AGNIFIES my soul the Lord, 47 and REJOICES my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for H E HAS REGARDED the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now will call me blessed all generations 49 for he has done to me the Mighty One great things and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 H E HAS CAST DOWN the mighty from the thrones and HAS EXALTED the lowly. 53 The hungry H E HAS FILLED with good-things, and the rich H E HAS SENT AWAY empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

« Grandit » et « grandes » font inclusion ; de même « le Seigneur » et « le Puissant », « Grandit » &« grandes »: inclusion « le Seigneur » &« le Puissant »: also. Deux trimembres parallèles : s’achèvent avec une causale. Deux trimembres complémentaires : présent 1 ère personne singulier – futur 3 e personne pluriel. Two parallel trimember segments: Each ends with a causal clause. Two complementary trimember segments: Present 1 st pers. sing.– Future 3 d pers. plural.

Quelle est la phrase qui comprend quatre membres ? Rappelez-vous: selon mon système, le segment compte au maximum 3 membres Donc combien de segments dans cette phrase ? Réécrivez-les ensemble comme un seul morceau ! Which is the sentence that includes four members? Remember: according to the system, the segment contains no more than 3 membres. How many segments in this sentence? Rewrite them all together as a «piece»!

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b G RANDIT mon âme le Seigneur 47 et JUBILE mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’ IL A REGARDÉ l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me diront-heureuse tous les âges, 49 parce qu’il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 I L A RENVERSÉ les puissants des trônes et IL A ÉLEVÉ les humiliés. 53 Les affamés IL A REMPLIS de biens et les riches IL A RENVOYÉ vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b M AGNIFIES my soul the Lord, 47 and REJOICES my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for H E HAS REGARDED the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now will call me blessed all generations 49 for he has done to me the Mighty One great things and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 H E HAS CAST DOWN the mighty from the thrones and HAS EXALTED the lowly. 53 The hungry H E HAS FILLED with good-things, and the rich H E HAS SENT AWAY empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

Quelles sont les phrases nominales du chant ? Which are the nominal sentences of the song?

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b G RANDIT mon âme le Seigneur 47 et JUBILE mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’ IL A REGARDÉ l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me diront-heureuse tous les âges, 49 parce qu’il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 I L A RENVERSÉ les puissants des trônes et IL A ÉLEVÉ les humiliés. 53 Les affamés IL A REMPLIS de biens et les riches IL A RENVOYÉ vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b M AGNIFIES my soul the Lord, 47 and REJOICES my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for H E HAS REGARDED the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now will call me blessed all generations 49 for he has done to me the Mighty One great things and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 H E HAS CAST DOWN the mighty from the thrones and HAS EXALTED the lowly. 53 The hungry H E HAS FILLED with good-things, and the rich H E HAS SENT AWAY empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

Deux phrases nominales + une participiale, complément de la phrase précédente en vert : le sujet – en marron : le prédicat Two nominal clauses + a participial clause, complement of the preceding clause in green: the subject – in brown: the predicate Vous avez vu que les deux trimembres initiaux sont au présent–futur. Où commencent les verbes au passé et où finissent-ils ? You saw that the two initial trimembres are in the present–future tense. Where do the verbs in the past tense begin and where do they end up?

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b G RANDIT mon âme le Seigneur 47 et JUBILE mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’ il a regardé l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me DIRONT - HEUREUSE tous les âges, 49 parce qu’ il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 I L A RENVERSÉ les puissants des trônes et IL A ÉLEVÉ les humiliés. 53 Les affamés IL A REMPLIS de biens et les riches IL A RENVOYÉ vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b M AGNIFIES my soul the Lord, 47 and REJOICES my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for H E HAS REGARDED the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now WILL CALL ME BLESSED all generations 49 for he has done to me the Mighty One great things and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 H E HAS CAST DOWN the mighty from the thrones and HAS EXALTED the lowly. 53 The hungry H E HAS FILLED with good-things, and the rich H E HAS SENT AWAY empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b G RANDIT mon âme le Seigneur 47 et JUBILE mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’ il a regardé l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me DIRONT - HEUREUSE tous les âges, 49 parce qu’ il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 Il a renversé les puissants des trônes et il a élevé les humiliés. 53 Les affamés il a remplis de biens et les riches il a renvoyé vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b M AGNIFIES my soul the Lord, 47 and REJOICES my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for H E HAS REGARDED the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now WILL CALL ME BLESSED all generations 49 for he has done to me the Mighty One great things and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 H E HAS CAST DOWN the mighty from the thrones and HAS EXALTED the lowly. 53 The hungry H E HAS FILLED with good-things, and the rich H E HAS SENT AWAY empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

1. À quel temps sont les phrases nominales ? 2. Quelle hypothèse pouvez-vous faire sur la composition du chant ? 1. In which tense are the nominal sentences? 2. What hypothesis can you make about the composition of the song?

Traduction littérale – Literal translation 46b G RANDIT mon âme le Seigneur 47 et JUBILE mon esprit en Dieu mon sauveur, 48 parce qu’ il a regardé l’humiliation de sa servante. Voici en effet à partir de maintenant me DIRONT - HEUREUSE tous les âges, 49 parce qu’ il a fait pour moi de grandes (choses) le Puissant et saint son nom 50 et sa miséricorde d’âge en âge sur les craignant lui. 51 Il a fait force par son bras. il a dispersé les orgueilleux en pensée de leur cœur. 52 Il a renversé les puissants des trônes et il a élevé les humiliés. 53 Les affamés il a remplis de biens et les riches il a renvoyé vides. 54 Il a secouru Israël son serviteur, pour se rappeler la miséricorde, 55 comme il l’avait dit à nos pères pour Abraham et sa race à jamais. 46b M AGNIFIES my soul the Lord, 47 and REJOICES my spirit in God my Savior; 48 for H E HAS REGARDED the lowliness of His handmaiden. Behold, from now WILL CALL ME BLESSED all generations 49 for he has done to me the Mighty One great things and holy is His name 50 and His mercy from age to age on the fearing Him. 51 He didstrength with his arm he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. 52 H E HAS CAST DOWN the mighty from the thrones and HAS EXALTED the lowly. 53 The hungry H E HAS FILLED with good-things, and the rich H E HAS SENT AWAY empty. 54 He has helped Israel his servant to remember his mercy 55 as He spoke to our fathers for Abraham and his seed forever.

Vous retrouverez le même exemple dans un article intitulé « Comment réaliser un exercice d’analyse rhétorique biblique » à paraître en 2016 dans Exercices de rhétorique la revue en ligne du RARE Rhétorique de l’Antiquité à la Révolution Université Stendhal – Grenoble 3