© Intercultural Studies Group Universitat Rovira i Virgili Plaça Imperial Tàrraco 1 43005 Tarragona Fax: (++ 34) 977 55 95 97 Against professionalism Anthony.

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1 © Intercultural Studies Group Universitat Rovira i Virgili Plaça Imperial Tàrraco 1 43005 Tarragona Fax: (++ 34) 977 55 95 97 Against professionalism Anthony Pym

2 © Intercultural Studies Group Reading 1 European Masters in Translation: something must be done to “prevent the burgeoning number of translation programs in the EU” (about 340?)

3 © Intercultural Studies Group Reading 2 Ordre des Traducteurs, terminologues et interprètes agréés du Québec: requesting that only they be allowed to call themselves translators, since at present “n’importe qui peut s’appeler traducteur.” Par réserve inadéquate du titre, nous entendons le fait que n’importe qui au Québec peut se proclamer traducteur, terminologue ou interprète, à condition de ne pas accoler au titre le qualificatif « agréé ». Cela crée une situation de doubles appellations, source d’ambiguïté dans le public, avec les risques que cela comporte. (2009: 4)

4 © Intercultural Studies Group Reading 3 Reviewers of the Google Translator Toolkit express surprise that the tool is not designed for the professional market: “With growing online facilities and potential for global collaboration (think Wikipedia, or initiatives such as Facebook’s user localisation), there seems to be a multitude for whom day jobs are secondary to engaging with their global online fraternities from home. Strangely, for large sectors of ‘WebWorld’, fun is becoming more work than work” (García & Stevenson 2009).

5 © Intercultural Studies Group What technology does to language… Imposes the paradigmatic on the syntagmatic (i.e. decontextualizes). Disrupts the time of narrative understanding. Increasingly allows a return to dialogic understanding.

6 © Intercultural Studies Group Facebook crowd-sourcing

7 © Intercultural Studies Group Reading Japanese 『翻訳理論の探求』はアンソニー・ピム (Anthony Pym) 著 “Exploring Translation Theories” の日本語訳である。ピムはオー ストラリア、パース出身。オーストラリアで比較文学を学んだ 後、フランスに留学し、フランス国立高等社会学研究院より社 会学で博士号を取得した。ハーバード大学、ゲッティンゲン大 学などでも哲学、社会学、翻訳学を研究し、現在、スペイン、 タラゴナのロビラ・イ・ビルジリ大学教授、翻通訳・異文化間 研究博士課程プログラムの責任者として、また、モントレー国 際大学翻訳通訳大学院の客員教授として、翻訳理論・研究・実 践の指導にあたっている。世界中で講演や講義を行い、研究者 育成に精力的に取り組むピムは、カリスマ性と面倒見のよさで、 新進の翻訳研究者にとってロックスター的存在と言ってもよい だろう。

8 © Intercultural Studies Group Reading Japanese Exploration of the theory is translated Anthony Pym (Anthony Pym) by "Exploring Translation Theories" is the Japanese translation. Verbeek Australia, from Perth. After studying comparative literature in Australia, studied in France and earned a doctorate in sociology from the French National Higher Institute of Sociology. Harvard University and the University of Gottingen in philosophy, sociology, and translation of research currently in Spain, University of Tarragona, Rovira Birujiri Lee, Ph.D. Research Translation as cross-cultural interpretation of the program director, and Monterey Translating as a visiting professor at the Graduate School of International University, are working to translate research practice leadership theories. And lectures and lectures around the world, Pim work energetically to develop the researchers, in the charismatic and caring I would say there may be a translation of the budding rock star for researchers.

9 © Intercultural Studies Group Centre for Next Generation Localisaton

10 © Intercultural Studies Group Revising Google Translate

11 © Intercultural Studies Group Ignacio García (forthcoming) “A t-test on the marks awarded for Tests 1 and 2 by Marker A found that overall, the difference between MT and ST was highly significant. For Marker B, the mean difference between pairs of ST and MT is not significantly different - yet the result from MT is not worse than the result from ST, meaning that the hypothesis is still supported.”

12 © Intercultural Studies Group A discourse of exclusion ***Mise en garde*** Même si les logiciels de traduction automatique actuellement accessibles au grand public peuvent sembler intéressants, par exemple pour permettre au lecteur de se faire une idée générale du contenu d'un document rédigé dans une langue qui lui est étrangère, le texte final produit par de tels logiciels ne peut en aucun cas être assimilé à une véritable traduction et doit par conséquent être revu par un traducteur professionnel. Comme le reconnaissent les concepteurs de logiciels de traduction automatique eux-mêmes, nous sommes encore loin du jour où ces outils pourront produire une traduction de qualité comparable à celle des traductions produites par les êtres humains. Dans le cadre de son mandat de protection du public, l'OTTIAQ vous recommande donc la plus grande prudence et vous invite à faire affaire avec un traducteur agréé pour tous vos besoins de traduction.

13 © Intercultural Studies Group Process studies Englund Dimitrova (2005: 14): “professional translators have been shown to have a high degree of consciousness regarding textual features, global strategies and the communicative purpose of the translated text. Thus, professional translators verbalize in their think-aloud protocols global strategies, translation principles and personal theories of translation to a greater extent than students and non-professionals (Jääskeläinen 1999; Künzli 2003; Tirkkonen-Condit 1997).

14 © Intercultural Studies Group How many professionals? Common Sense Advisory (2008): 700,000? Process studies: 234?

15 © Intercultural Studies Group Who are professionals? “At least 2 years translating at least 5000 words a day and 200 days a year” (De Rooze 2003) state-authorised translators with at least 2 years of experience (Dragsted 2004) “recruited from Symantec” (O’Brien 2005) Teachers of Spanish or Spanish literature (Cintrao 2006) “individuals who are paid for translating legal texts” (Faber & Hjort-Pedersen 2009) At least 3 years; credentialed by proz.com; first applicants (Ribas 2008)

16 © Intercultural Studies Group Dragsted 2004

17 © Intercultural Studies Group Jensen 2001 Expert translators use the Knowledge Telling model as a more permanent strategy since they “engage in less problem-solving, goal-setting and re-analyzing behavior vis-à-vis young professional translators”. (Jensen 2001: 177)

18 © Intercultural Studies Group Suggestive conclusions Process research is buying into the discourse of professionalization. We are failing to see and measure the social potentials of translation technologies. We do not really want a world that translates. We do not really want dialogic understanding. We ultimately reproduce exclusory narratives of our own profession.