The pituitary Gland College of Dentistry Dr Mouaadh Abdelkarim

Slides:



Advertisements
Présentations similaires
Cliquez et modifiez le titre Cliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque Deuxième niveau Troisième niveau Quatrième niveau Cinquième niveau 1 Regulation.
Advertisements

and a justification for level 4
La fonction des glandes endocriniens
Les verbes qui se terminent en -ER (-ER verbs). French has both regular and irregular verbs. (English does too, for that matter.)
THE ADJECTIVES: BEAU, NOUVEAU AND VIEUX 1.
Pre-incident planning in Luxembourg
Formation de la précipitation
NAME: Abdul Saleem Mir Enrollment Number: 49/2010 7th ELECTRICAL
Le passé composé Les verbes qui sont conjugués avec Etre! DR & MRS P VANDERTRAMP Verbs!
Le Chatelier's Principle Lesson 2. Le Chatelier’s Principle If a system in equilibrium is subjected to a change processes occur that oppose the imposed.
It’s.  Both C’est and Il est/Elle est can mean it’s.  There are specific times to use each.
Les Verbes Réfléchis REFLEXIVE VERBS THE SECTIONS OF THIS POWERPOINT ARE NUMBERED 1-5. AS YOU READ THROUGH AND TAKE NOTES, PLEASE COMPLETE LES DEVOIRS.
Les Adjectifs. What is an adjective? An adjective is a word that modifies a noun by describing it in some way: Shape Color Size Nationality.
Les normes: Communication 1.1 – Understanding the spoken and written language Comparisons 4.1 – Understanding the nature of language through comparisions.
Les hormones Français BI 12
PERFORMANCE One important issue in networking is the performance of the network—how good is it? We discuss quality of service, an overall measurement.
PIPE SUPPORTS 1 Pipe supports inside the compression station and pumping stations AUGUST 2014.
Water effects on The human body
« Petit Suisse » Nutrition value Packaging Price.
 Components have ratings  Ratings can be Voltage, Current or Power (Volts, Amps or Watts  If a Current of Power rating is exceeded the component overheats.
The cancer is a deadly disease, it starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control and multiply too much. Cancer can start almost anywhere in.
IP Multicast Text available on
Le Sang family members are your blood relatives.
The passé composé with être
A Les verbes en -er: le singulier p. 94 The basic form of a verb is called the infinitive. Many French infinitives end in -er. Most of these verbs are.
ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 6 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by.
Réunion service Instrumentation Activités CMS-Traces
How does an ultrasound work ?
Quantum Computer A New Era of Future Computing Ahmed WAFDI ??????
PRODUCTION LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT. I l c p INTRODUCTION PRODUCTION LOGISTIC CONCLUSION Te sit nusquam mediocrem. Fastidii dissentias nam an, simul deleniti.
There are so many types of sports. For example-: Basketball,volleyball, cricket, badminton, table tennis, football, lawn tennis etc.
F RIENDS AND FRIENDSHIP Project by: POPA BIANCA IONELA.
Adrenal Androgens -Dr Mouaadh Abdelkarim
Adrenal Medulla Dr.Mouaadh abdelkarim Assistant Professor of Physiology Department of Physiology
Endocrine Physiology The Adrenal Gland 1 Dr.Mouaadh abdelkarim Assistant Professor of Physiology
Endocrine Physiology The Adrenal Gland : Glucocorticoids Dr.Mouaadh abdelkarim
Endocrinology Adrenal Gland DR.MOUAADH ABDELKARIM
Human growth hormone College of Dentistry Dr Mouaadh Abdelkarim.
DR.MOUAADH ABDELKARIM ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY TEL: Endocrinology.
Thyroid Gland College of Dentistry. DR.MOUAADH ABDELKARIM ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE KING SAUD UNIVERSITY
The passé composé with être
Phase-Locked Loop Design S emiconducto r S imulation L aboratory Phase-locked loops: Building blocks in receivers and other communication electronics Main.
P&ID SYMBOLS. P&IDs Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams or simply P&IDs are the “schematics” used in the field of instrumentation and control (Automation)
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Plant By Abhijit Kumar Prasad Submitted to Dr. B.Paul Assistant Professor MNNIT Allahabad.
Phylum Mollusca, Class Bivalvia Bivalves (Class Bivalvia) include clams, mussels, oysters, and scallops The body of bivalves is laterally compressed (flattened.
Lect12EEE 2021 Differential Equation Solutions of Transient Circuits Dr. Holbert March 3, 2008.
Bienvenue Au monde des Pronoms.
Nous allons apprendre…
Révision – Phrases Importantes
Cryopreservation. Benefits Of Freezing Cells Benefits Of Freezing A Validated Stock Of Cells –Genotypic drift –Senescence leading to extinction of cell.
P resentation a bout : « S tress a t W ork» Presented by :  Abdessamed RAZI Année Universitaire
Point de départ In D’accord! Level 1, you learned how possessive adjectives function in French. You will now learn about possessive pronouns and how.
C’est quel numéro? Count the numbers with pupils.
Quebec Provincial Elections
Bienvenue Au monde des Pronoms.
Question formation In English, you can change a statement into a question by adding a helping verb (auxiliary): does he sing? do we sing? did they sing.
Les Verbes Réfléchis What you do to yourself.
By : HOUSNA hebbaz Computer NetWork. Plane What is Computer Network? Type of Network Protocols Topology.
Page 29 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expression:
1 of 29© Boardworks Ltd of 29© Boardworks Ltd 2008.
Techniques de l’eau et calcul des réseaux
Les opinions Les opinions = Opinions. In this lesson pupils will learn to understand and give their own opinions about singular items.
Le passé composé Les verbes qui sont conjugués avec Etre!
Lab meeting 01/11/2018. DNA methylation DNA methylation is one of the most commonly occurring epigenetic events taking place in the mammalian genome.
Les pronoms objets Les normes: Communication 1.2 Comparisons 4.1
Les Jours de la Semaine ©  Copyright Kapow! 2017.
IMPROVING PF’s M&E APPROACH AND LEARNING STRATEGY Sylvain N’CHO M&E Manager IPA-Cote d’Ivoire.
Transcription de la présentation:

The pituitary Gland College of Dentistry Dr Mouaadh Abdelkarim

Pituitary gland is located in the diencephalon. Pituitary gland – two-lobed organ that secretes important hormones Adenohypophysis – anterior lobe, made up of glandular tissue Synthesizes and secretes a number of hormones Neurohypophysis – posterior lobe (neural tissue) Receives, stores, and releases hormones from the hypothalamus Pituitary (Hypophysis) Gland

The six hormones of the anterior pituitary: 1- Growth hormone (GH) 2- Prolactin (PRL) 3- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 4- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 5- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 6- Luteinizing hormone (LH) Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Pituitary Hormones Anterior Pituitary: Trophic effects: High blood [hormone] causes target organ to hypertrophy. Low blood [hormone] causes target organ to atrophy.

Hypothalamic Control of the Anterior Pituitary Hormonal control rather than neural. Hypothalamus neurons synthesize releasing and inhibiting hormones. Hormones are transported to axon endings of median eminence. Hormones secreted into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system regulate the secretions of the anterior pituitary There is no direct neural contact with the hypothalamus There is a vascular connection, the hypothalmic- hypophyseal portal system

Hypothalamic Control of Posterior Pituitary Hypothalamus neuron cell bodies produce: ADH: supraoptic nuclei. Oxytocin: paraventricular nuclei. Transported along the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract. Stored in posterior pituitary. Release controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes.

Pituitary (Hypophysis)

Feedback Control of the Anterior Pituitary Long Feed back loops: Anterior pituitary and hypothalamic secretions are controlled by the target organs they regulate. Negative feedback at 2 levels: The target gland hormone can act on the hypothalamus and inhibit secretion of releasing hormones. The target gland hormone can act on the anterior pituitary and inhibit response to the releasing hormone.

Feedback Control of the Anterior Pituitary Short feedback loop: Hormone released by anterior pituitary inhibits secretion of releasing hormone. Long Feedback loop Hormone released by target organs or tissue inhibits anterior pituitary and hypothalamus Positive feedback effect: During the menstrual cycle, estrogen stimulates “LH surge.”

Physiology of posterior Pituitary gland Posterior pituitary hormones ADH also known as Vasopressin Oxytocin These hormones are synthesized in the neuron cell bodies in the hypothalamus and packed in secretory vesicles with neurophysin (carrier protein)

Posterior Pituitary Gland Does not synthesize hormones Consists of axon terminals of hypothalamic neurons Posterior pituitary gland

The posterior lobe is a downgrowth of hypothalamic neural tissue Has a neural connection with the hypothalamus (hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract) Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationships: Posterior Lobe

Hypothalamic control of pituitary secretions Secretions of the posterior pituitary are controlled by Nervous signals from hypothalamus

(vasopressin) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Synthesis of ADH It is synthesized as pre-prohormone and processed into a nonapeptide ADH synthesized in the cell bodies of hypothalamic neurons(supraoptic nucleus) ADH is stored in the posterior pituitary

Receptors of ADH (vasopressin) There are 2 types of receptors for ADH: V 1 V 2  V 1 receptors mediate vasoconstriction  V 2 receptors are located in the principle cells in distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts in the kidneys

Mechanism of action of ADH

Mechanism of action of ADH: Antidiuresis ADH binds to V2 receptors on the principle cells of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. Via adenylate cyclase/cAMP induces production of specific proteins into the luminal membrane and enhances permeability of cell to water. Increased membrane permeability to water permits back diffusion of free water, resulting in increased urine osmolality (concentrates urine).

The most important function of ADH is to conserve body water by reducing urine output

Control of ADH Release Osmotic pressure: Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus  osmotic pressure   ADH secretion  osmotic pressure   ADH secretion Blood volume : Baroreceptor in carotid artery and aortic arch, and Stretch receptors in left atrium  blood pressure   ADH secretion  blood pressure   ADH secretion

Function of ADH (vasopressin)

ADH Increased Blood Pressure V1 receptor

Oxytocin

Synthesis of Oxytocin Oxytocin is synthesized in the cell bodies of hypothalamic neurons(paraventricular nucleus) Oxytocin is stored in the posterior pituitary

Functions of oxytocin  Suckling during breast-feeding o Contracts the myoepithelial cells of the alveoli  Childbirth (Parturition) o In late pregnancy, uterine smooth muscle (myometrium) becomes sensitive to oxytocin (positive feedback)

Summary of posterior pituitary hormones actions