Romeo is in a fix Identify Romeo’s problems : (in relation to where he is) - he’s on the Capulets’ estate - he’s in his enemy’s garden - he’s trespassing [ 'tresp « s ] cf : to trespass / ‘ no trespassing ’ INTERDICTION mustn ’t + BV not be allowed to + BV [« 'la Ud] It ’s forbidden (for sb) to + BV Ex : Romeo mustn’t be there. He ’s not allowed to walk in his enemy ’s garden It ’s forbidden for Montagues to be on the Capulets’ estate. There can be no trespassing.

Romeo and Juliet are in a fix (regarding their love) - get married - be together - Juliet / be with a Montague - Romeo / be with a Capulet IMPOSSIBILITY can ’t + BV ex : Juliet may not marry Romeo It ’s impossible for a Capulet to be with a Montague It ’s impossible (for sb) to + BV ABSENCE OF PERMISSION may not + BVnot be allowed to + BVcan ’t + BV (cannot + BV)

OBLIGATION must + BV have to + BV have got to + BV need to + BV Ex : to marry Paris She must marry Paris She has to keep her father ’s promise She ’s got to keep her engagement She ’s gotta keep... To keep her father ’s promise To keep her engagement

(125) R : Wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied ? J : What satisfaction can thou have tonight ? R : Th’exchange of thy love’s faithful vow for mine. Oh vas-tu me laisser partir mal satisfait ? Quelle satisfaction peux-tu avoir cette nuit? L’échange de ton vœu de fidèle amour et de mon vœu. a romantic an idealist [ a I 'd I« l I st ] platonic love a misunderstanding [ 'm I s à nd « 'stænd IN]

They exchange vows and make arrangements to get married the next day. It’s been planned structure : BE TO They get married / the next day They meet in church / the next day Romeo take Juliet / as his wife in chuch / the next day Juliet not tell / parents Juliet ’s nurse arrange everything They are to get married the next day They are to meet in church the next day Romeo is to take Juliet as his wife in church the next day Juliet is not to tell her parents Juliet ’s nurse is to arrange everything

Compare Romeo’s vision of love and life to Juliet’s (76) R: And but thou love me, let them find me here : My life were better ended by their hate, Than death prorogued, wanting of thy love (118) J : It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden, Too like the lightning, which doth cease to be Ere one can say ‘ It lightens ’. Et à moins que tu ne m ’aimes, qu ’ils me voient ! Mieux vaudrait ma vie terminée par leur haine Qu ’attendant ton amour, ma mort retardée. Il (le serment de mariage) est trop prompt, trop irréfléchi, trop soudain, Trop pareil à l ’éclair Qui cesse d ’être avant qu ’on ait dit « il éclaire ».

Romeo ’s preferences die / live without love PREFERENCES (conditional / hypothetical [Ç ha I p «U ' T et I k « l ] ) would rather + BV (than …) (he ’ d rather) Ex : He ’d rather die (than live without love) He ’d prefer to die (rather than to live without love) other examples : face his enemy ’s anger / Juliet ’s indifference would prefer to + BV (rather than …) (he ’ d prefer) be dead / be alone He’d rather face his enemy’s anger than Juliet’s indifference. He’d prefer to face his enemy’s anger rather than her indifference. He’d rather be dead (than alone). He’d prefer to be dead (rather than alone).

PREFERENCES He ’d rather die (than live without love) He ’d prefer to die (than to live without love) He’d rather face his enemy’s anger than Juliet’s indifference. He’d prefer to face his enemy’s anger than her indifference. He’d rather be dead than alone. He’d prefer to be dead than to be alone. WHY WOULD (PRETERIT DE WILL ?) 1/ HYPOTHETICAL VALUE > preterit [Ç ha I p «U ' T et I k « l ] 2/ PREDICTION > will

According to Juliet, Romeo has made a number of mistakes. What are they ? Romeo’s mistakes : - He’s come to her place / He’s come to hers. - He’s ignored the danger [ 'de I nd Z« * ] - He’s taken a great risk / He’s taken such a big risk > to run the risk of BV + ing They have made a mistake, too. The lovers’ mistakes : (regarding their commitment to - one another / to each other) - Th

imagery ( 3) : ‘It is the East, and Juliet is the sun ! Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief’ (19) : ‘The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars’ (15) : ‘Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven, Having some business, do entreat her eyes To twinkle in their spheres till they return’ (20) : ‘Her eyes in heaven Would through the airy region stream so bright That birds would sing and think it were not night’ Voilà l’orient, et Juliette est le soleil ! Lève toi, belle aurore, et tue la lune jalouse, Qui déjà languit et pâlit de douleur Le seul éclat de ses joues ferait pâlir la clarté des astres. Deux des plus belles étoiles du ciel, ayant affaire ailleurs, adjurent ses yeux de vouloir bien resplendir dans leur sphère jusqu’à ce qu’elles reviennent Ses yeux, du haut du ciel, darderaient une telle lumière à travers les régions aériennes que les oiseaux chanteraient, croyant que la nuit n’est plus

(l 2) : ‘It is the East, and Juliet is the sun ! Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief’ (119) : ‘The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars’ (15) : ‘Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven, Having some business, do entreat her eyes To twinkle in their spheres till they return’ (l 20) : ‘Her eyes in heaven Would through the airy region stream so bright That birds would sing and think it were not night’

THE TRAGIC DIMENSION OF THE SCENE (116) : ‘Although I joy in thee, I have no joy of this contract tonight. It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden, Too like the lightning, which doth cease to be Ere one can say ‘It lightens’’Quoi que tu fasses ma joie, je ne puis goûter cette nuit toutes les joies de notre rapprochement ; il est trop brusque ; trop imprévu, trop subit, trop semblable à l’éclair qui a cessé d’être avant qu’on ait pu dire : il brille !