. Origines de Noël Origins of Christmas A. Vivaldi LE QATTRO STAGIONI Inverno- Primavera Orchestra Filarmonica di Berlino diretta da H. V. Karajan.

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Transcription de la présentation:

. Origines de Noël Origins of Christmas A. Vivaldi LE QATTRO STAGIONI Inverno- Primavera Orchestra Filarmonica di Berlino diretta da H. V. Karajan

Anno 0 della nostra Era: due sposi di Nazareth (Palestina), Maria e Giuseppe, arrivano a Betlemme. Ann é e 0 de notre Ere: deux é poux de Nazareth (Palestine), Marie et Joseph, arrivent à Bethlem. Year 0 of our Era: two newly-married people from Nazareth (Palestine), Mary and Joseph, arrive at Bethlehem.

Roma, allora dominatrice di tutta la zona arabo-ebraica, oltrech é di mezzo mondo. ha infatti ordinato un censimento della popolazione del luogo. Rome, qui dominait à lépoque toute la zone arabe- hébraique, ainsi que la moitiè du monde, a en fait commandé un recensement de la population de ces lieux. Rome, at the time ruling over the whole Arabo-Jewish area, as well as over most of the known world, has ordered a census of the native population.

Maria è allultimo mese di gravidanza ed appena arrivata a Betlemme, partorisce un bambino, Gesù Marie est au dernier mois de sa grossesse et dés quelle arrive à Bethlem, elle accouche dun enfant, Jésus Mary is in her last month of pregnancy and, as soon as she arrives at Bethlehem, she gives birth to a baby, Jesus.

Ricordiamoci che il parto di cui parliamo é avvenuto pi ù di 2000 anni fa … ll Calendario e l Anagrafe come li conosciamo noi non esistevano! Souvenons-nous que laccouchement dont nous parlons a eu lieu il y a plus de 2000 ans…. Le calendrier et le bureau de létat civile tel que nous les connaissons néxistaient pas! Lets not forget that the childbirth we are referring to took place over 2000 years ago…Calendars and Registrars Offices as we know them did not exist!

Quindi nessuno del popolo sapeva quando era nato ; si andava per approssimazione e per stagione. Donc le peuple ne savait pas quand il était né; on y arrivait par approximation et par saison. Therefore no one from the people knew when He had been exactly born; one made a rough estimate, based on the seaason.

La storia di questa Nascita, (Natale significa Nascita), con tutti i particolari, la racconta Luca nel suo Vangelo; e, infatti, non accenna ad alcuna data, ora e nemmeno stagione. L histoire de cette naissance ( Noël signifie Naissance), avec tous les d é tails, est racont é e par Luc dans son Evangile; et, en fait, il n indique aucune date, heure et meme pas la saison de l accouchement. The history of this birth (in neo- Latin languages (for example Natale, Navidad, Noel) Xmas means birth ) with all its detailes is narrated by Luke in his Gospel; where, in fact, he doesn t mention any date, any hour nor season of this childbirth.

Dice solo della dominazione Romana ( 65 a.c – 73 d.c ), che le greggi pascolavano a valle (inverno), e di una Stella mai vista che brillava nel cielo. Il parle seulement de la domination Romaine, (65 a.c – 73 d.c) des bergers qui é taient dans la vall é e (donc peut-etre l hiver), et d une Étoile jamais vue auparavant qui brillait é norme dans le ciel. He only mentions the Roman domination ( 65 a.c.-73 d.c.), shepherds in the valley (which may suggest winter time) and huge Star twinkling in the sky, never seen before.

Giusto per la Dominazione Romana e giusto per la Stella, che gli Astronomi indicano in una congiunzione dei pianeti Giove-Saturno, avvenuta però sei anni prima. Cest seulement à cause de la Domination Romaine et seulement à cause de lEtoile que les Astronomes indiquent une conjonction des planétes Jupiter-Saturne, mais qui en fait sétait produite six ans plus tot. He only mentions the Roman domination, shepherds in the valley (which may suggest winter time) and a huge Star twinkling in the sky, never seen before.

.. Cè quindi da pensare ad un errore di chi ha creato il Calendario attuale, che parte dallanno Zero, quello della nascita di Cristo, cioè. Nous pouvons donc penser à une erreur de la part de qui a crée le Calendrier actuel,qui commence avec lannée Zero, jour symbolique de la naissance de Jesus. Owing to this circumstance, one may suppose a mistake on the part of those who created the present Calendar, which starts from the year Zero, that is the year to which the symbolic day of Jesus birth belonged.

Gli antichi popoli vivevano in stretto contatto con la Natura, e presto ne impararono, quindi, leggi e ritmi. Les peuples anciens vivaient en contact é troit avec la Nature, et donc ils en apprirent vite les loix et les rytmes. Ancient peoples lived in close touch with Nature, which thing made them fastly learn its laws and rhythms.

Quelli che vivevano nelle Zone Temperate, in cui si susseguono le 4 stagioni, impararono, tra le altre cose, lalternarsi di Equinozi e Solstizi, nel corso dellanno. Ceux qui vivaient dans les climats témpérés, dans lesquels se succèdent les quatre saisons, apprirent, entre-autre la succession des Equinoxes et Solstices, pendant lannée. Those who lived in Temperate Zones, where the 4 seasons follow one another, learnt, among other things, the succeeding of Equinoxes and Solstices, in the course of the year.

Durante gli Equinozi le ore di luce e di buio sulla Terra sono identiche. Nel Solstizio destate, giugno, a secondo degli anni, ce il giorno più lungo dellanno solare. Pendant les Equinoxes les heures de lumi è re et de obscurit é sur Terre sont identiques. Au Solstice d é t é, juin, selon les ann é es, il y a le jour le plus long de l ann é e solaire. During Equinoxes the hours of light and darkness on earth are equal. On summer Solstice, June 20 th or 21st, according to the year, we have the longest day of the solar year. Natures fertility, as well, is at its climax.

Da quel momento in poi la Luce diminuirà impercettibilmente ogni giorno, fino ad arrivare al Solstizio di inverno, tra il 21 ed il 22 dicembre. notte non necessariamente più fredda ma di sicuro più lunga dellanno. From that moment on, the light will decrease slightly each day until you reach the winter solstice, between 21 and 22 December. not necessarily the coldest night but certainly the longest of the year. Dès ce moment, la lumière va légèrement diminuer chaque jour jusqu'à ce que vous atteigniez le solstice d'hiver, entre 21 et 22 Décembre. pas nécessairement la nuit la plus froide, mais certainement la plus longue de l'année.

Linverno era durissimo per i popoli primitivi che abitavano in grotte e capanne, con poco per coprirsi, poco per mangiare e poco per riscaldarsi. L hiver é tait tr é s dur pour les peuples primitifs qui habitaient dans des grottes et des chaumières, avec peu pour se couvrir, peu pour manger et peu pour se chauffeur. Winter was very hard for primitive peoples dwelling in grottoes or huts, with little to put on, little to eat and little to get warm.

IL Solstizio di Inverno annuncia agli uomini che, da quel momento in poi, il lungo sonno della Natura finisce e, giorno dopo giorno, riprende la Vita! Le Solstice d Hiver annonce aux hommes quà partir de ce moment, le long sommeil de la Nature se termine et, jour apr é s jour, la Vie reprend! The winter solstice, we have the longest night. Light and Warmth will decrease gradually day by day. Nature withdraws in itself, grudging more and more gifts, as well as warmth and light.

E considerando quella notte Magica, quasi tutte le popolazioni antiche la trascorrevano tra grandi feste e sacrifici di propiziazione agli dei. Et en considerant cette Nuit Magique, presque toutes les populations anciennes la passaient entre grands rejouissements et sacrifices propitiatoires aux Dieux. And, as most of old populations considered that night as magic, they would spend it among great celebrations and god-propitiating sacrifices.

Si accendevano anche grandi falò nei campi, usanza che dura ancora oggi in parecchie nazioni, Italia compresa… On allumait aussi des grands feu de joie dans les champs, coutume qui dure ancore aujourdhui dans plusieurs pays, y compris lItalie… There would be also bonfires in the fields, a custom still existing in many countries, including Italy

Gli uomini del profondo Nord, con le loro immense foreste di abeti, attaccavano agli alberi più belli lumini, tralci colorati, nastri e cose buone da mangiare! Les hommes du grand Nord, avec leur immenses forets de sapins, attachaient aux plus beaux arbres, lumignons, sarments colorées, rubans et bonnes choses à manger! In the deep North, with its huge fir-tree forests, people would hang little lights, coloured branches, ribbons and dainties on the nicest trees!

Ed questa è lorigine dellalbero di Natale, che pian piano ha conquistato tutto il mondo come simbolo del Natale laico, cioè il Solstizio di inverno! Et ceci est lorigine de larbre de Noël qui, petit-à- petit a conquit tout le monde comme symbole du Noël laïque, cest-à-dire du Solstice dhiver! And this is the origin of the Xmas- tree, whose custom, little by little, has spread all over as a symbol of the lay Xmas, that is Winter Solstice!

Non solo sul piano materiale ma anche su quello spirituale il Solstizio di inverno aveva un altissimo significato! La Natura (Materia), addormentata, permetteva allo Spirito di elevarsi Non seulement sur le plan matériel mais aussi sur celui spirituel le Solstice dhiver avait une grande valeur! La Nature( matiére), endormie, permettait à lEsprit de sélever Not only from a material point of view, but also from a spiritual one, Winter Solstice had a very high meaning! When Nature (Matter) went to sleep, Spirit was able to elevate

Per tal motivo, in tutte le Religioni, durante il Solstizio dinverno si festeggiava la nascita di un dio. Perché il 25 e non il 21? Perche dal 22 dicembre, il Sole sembra fermarsi, prima di riprendere, 1l 25, il suo perenne girare attorno a sè stesso Pour cette raison, dans toutes les Religions, pendant le Solstice d hiver on fêtait la naissance d un Dieu. Pourquoi le 25 et non pas le 21? Parce-que du 21 au 24 d é cembre,le Soleil semble s arrêter, avant de reprendre son perpétuel tour sur lui même. For such a reason, in all Religions, during winter Solstice, people would celebrate the birth of a god. Why the 25th and not the 24th? Why the 25 th and not the 21st? Because from 21st to 24th December the Sun appears to pause, before resuming its perennial (apparent) revolution.

.. Millennio dopo Millennio si arriva allantica Roma, con la magia del 25 dicembre ancora intatta! Per salutare il Solstizio di Inverno venivano celebrati i Saturnali, in onore di Saturno, protettore dellagricoltura;. Mill é naire apr è s Millenaire, on arrive à l ancienne Rome, avec la magie du 25 d é cembre encore intacte. A Rome on c é l é brait les Saturnali en l honneur de Saturne, protecteur de lagricolture Millennium after millennium, the era of old Rome arrives, during which the magic of 25 th December stays untouched! In Rome people celebrated Saturnalia, in honour of Saturn, protector of Agricolture.

I festeggiamenti duravano dal 17 al 25 dicembre ed in tale periodo si chiudevano le scuole e si fermavano tutte le attività pubbliche. E lumini, lumini dappertutto per salutare la Luce che tornava.Ci si scambiava visite e doni Pendant les "Saturnales", une fete qui avait début le 17 Décembre et durait pour sept jours, une sorte de "age de l'or" était retablie, où toutes les activités étaient suspendues et es exécutions et les opérations militaires renvoyeés. fermait les écoles Ils ont allumé des bougies partout, pour saluer la lumière revient! Ils ont échangé des visites et des cadeaux During the "Saturnals", a celebration which started on the 17th of December and went on for seven days, a sort of "gold age" used to be introduced: all the activities were suspended and the military operations and executions were postponed. A lso closed schools. They exchanged visits and gifts

Per tutto lanno era proibito, nella città, il gioco dazzardo; ma poiché esso era strettamente legato a Saturno, durante i Saturnali veniva tollerato. Lusanza di giocare a soldi la Notte di Natale è ancora molto diffusa in Italia, soprattutto nel Centro-Sud. Pendant toute lannèe, dans la ville le jeux de hasard était défendu; mais puisquil était strictement liée à Saturne, pendant les fêtes, il était toleré. La coutume de jouer avec de largent, la nuit de Noël est encore trés repandue en Italie, surtout au centre-sud. In towns, gambling was prohibited all year round; but, as it was closely linked with Saturn, during Saturnalia, it was tolerated. The custom of playing for money on Christmas Ev is still widespread in Italy, especially in the Center-South.

Avec lexpansion de lEmpire vers LOrient, soldats et marchands prirent connaissance du culte du Dieu Mitra, symbole du soleil. Ceci fit tellement prise sur la population, quen 274, lEmpereur Aurelien officialisa son culte. Con l'estensione dell'impero in Oriente, soldati e mercanti Romani, vengono a conoscenza del dio Mitra, il simbolo del Sole: Esso fece talmente presa sulla popolazione, che nel 274 d.c., l'imperatore Aureliano ne autorizzò il cullto, sostituendolo al Sole Invicto! As the Roman Empire expanded towards the East, soldiers and merchants became acquainted with the cult of Mithras, a Persian god symbolizing the Sun. It became so popular, that in 274 d.C. Emperor Aurelian made it official.

Ma ormai lImpero Romano era in dissoluzione! Avanzava il Cristianesimo che fu la base della Religione Cattolica. Questo fece infatti la Chiesa, nel 353 d.C., primo anno in cui Mitra venne sostituito da un bimbo nato in una mangiatoia, ma che avrebbe rivoluzionato il mondo occidentale! Et puisque le Dieu Mitra symbolisait aussi le Soleil, on lui consacra le 25 décembre, le superposant au Soleil. En 353 ce fut lannée dans laquelle Mitra fut remplacé par lenfant né dans la mangeoire, mais qui allait revolutionner le monde occidental! But the Empire was already in decline: Christendom was advancing, creating the first bases of the Catholic Church. 353 d.C. was the first year when Mythras was replaced by a baby who, though born in a manger, would deeply upset the Western World! – (3 L)

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