International conference on public administration « Transnational transfer of administrative models and instruments Sofia university, 26-28 April 2017 The role of national schools of public administration in the circulation of instruments and administrative models The case of ENA - France Fabrice LARAT, head of research department, ENA, France ENA

Outline of the presentation Starting point: A paradox? The contribution of national schools aimed at Training civil servants to the international circulation of PA models Part 1 The role of national Schools of public administration in training and framing civil servants Part 2 Forms of exposition to international models and instruments in and via national schools of PA ENA

Forms of exposure at ENA to different knowledge and practices related to administrative models and instruments Orientation Public targeted Logic Means taken Form of exposure to PA/PM models and instruments   Internal (needs of French system) ENA national trainees Teaching and training Knowledge required to pass the competitive examination Internships Curriculum Canonical knowledge on French system + profile compatible with change (managerial and leadership potential) Observation ‘on the job’, mimetism (stage prefecture) and discovering foreign systems (stage international) Using new instruments ENA Mixing publics Integration of international dimension into training programs Exchange of experience Passive: Contact with foreign civil servants (CIP/CSPA ; CIL/FI) Active comparison (e.g. Bocconi study day, Speyer) External Team in charge of developing training at ENA Influence (in) Monitoring state of the art in the field of PA and PM research Benchmark (OCDE) Best practices Participation into international networks: IASIA/IIAS  DISPA Foreign PA systems Influence (out) Partnership Twinning Conferences Promoting French model and adaptation to local needs ENA

Academic and practical subjects : 9 months Law (Quality of law) Economics and public finances Public management European and international issues Public policies and territories (English is compulsory) 2 foreign languages Coefficients Management public appliqué : un oral de mise en situation 12 Rapport sur commande d’une administration centrale autour d’une thématique européenne : rapport collectif 10 Epreuve de mise en situation collective et individuelle sur la mise en œuvre d’une politique publique dans les territoires: 1 écrit + oral collectif et individuel : 9 Epreuve écrite individuelle économie et finances publiques (note sur dossier) : 9 Epreuve écrite individuelle Droit et légistique : note sur dossier +RTJ : 9 Epreuve LV1 : écrit coefficient 7 Epreuve LV2 : 3 contrôle continu Sports : 2 contrôle continu ENA

How the new curriculum seeks to trigger openness among trainees (quotations from the presentation leaflet for the 2017-2018 cohort) Modernization of public action as a major focus of the curriculum “Les enseignements sont construits dans l’esprit d’une école d’application et de professionnalisation. Ils visent à sensibiliser et à faire réfléchir les élèves aux enjeux et transformations en cours au sein de la haute fonction publique ainsi qu’aux moyens et méthodes pour relever les défis actuels de la conduit de l’action publique” Promote the exchange of experiences with peoples from different background “Curiosité d’esprit et ouverture d’esprit sont des qualités indispensables pour permettre aux décideurs publics de demain de s’adapter à une sphère publique évoluant sous l’influence de multiples interactions”. Using EU issues as a leverage to introduce change ”Les enseignements européens doivent contribuer à encourager de nouvelles formes d’action de l’Etat – éventuellement inspires de pratiques d’autres administrations nationales […]” ENA

Professional practice period accounts for 39% of the final mark (ranking) International training (Embassy, NGO, UE institutions) : 4 months Entreprises (Large companies, SMIs, Start-up) : 2 months Public administrations at territorial level (prefectures, or local authorities) : 5 months Trainees thus assume responsibilities & learn the art of decision making through examples set by Senior Officials (Ambassador, Prefects, Mayor, European Commissioner, CEO, etc..) ENA

A competitive entrance examination Why an entrance examination? « Tous les Citoyens étant égaux à ses yeux sont également admissibles à toutes dignités, places et emplois publics, selon leur capacité, et sans autre distinction que celle de leurs vertus et de leurs talents ». 3 different examinations the concours “externe” for students having received a university-level diploma for at least the equivalent of three years of studies after secondary school (‘A’Levels+3), all candidates now have a Master degree. the concours “interne” for career civil servants or government employees with at least four years’ professional experience; no diploma is required the “troisième concours” for elected officials, labor leaders and private-sector employees, with a total of at least eight years of professional or elected experience; no diploma is required. These 3 competitive entrance examinations have been open to citizens of the European Union since 2004. ENA

A competitive entrance examination The qualifying examination 5 written essays Public law Economics Contemporary societal issues Social matters Public finances The examination for admission 5 oral examinations Career interview with a panel Interaction group assessment European issues International questions Foreign language (English will be compulsory in 2018) ENA

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An active pedagogy ENA has no permanent faculty Instead: strong pedagogical engineering via: External experts appointed to coordinate teaching in key thematic areas Permanent training advisers to plan and organise the courses and liaise with the external speakers External speakers: High-ranking public officials or academics, drawing on their own experience and expertise, instruct students through exercises based on professional practices, debates, case studies, role plays, etc. ENA

Curriculum: focus on public management (accounts for 12% of the final mark) Leading a team Human resource management + social dialog Project management + crisis management Negotiation and communication Budgeting Change management (modernization process, administrative simplification and better regulation, impact assessments, introducing innovation in public services) Evaluation of public policies Digital technology and e-administration ENA