La Mission De Phoenix Phoenix a été envoyé à Mars pour découvrir si l'eau a existé sur Mars et si Mars pourrait soutenir la vie. La mission a commencé quand la sonde martienne, Pathfinder, a découvert la glace dans les régions polaires de Mars. Phoenix a été également envoyé pour enregistrer le temps et la température quotidiens sur Mars. Phoenix a cessé de fonctionner le 2 novembre, parce qu'il n'y avait plus assez de lumière du soleil pour actionner ses panneaux solaires. Pour analyser le temps, il a utilisé un instrument appelé radar à laser, et une station météorologique. Dans le but de déterminer s'il y a (ou était jamais) de l'eau sur Mars il a tee aidée par un bras de creusement robotique, et par un analyseur de produit chimique de sol.

D'abord, une fusée 7925 du delta II a été lancée, avec trois étapes : éjectez les boîtes métalliques de carburant ; éjectez l'armature ; et éjectez le « nez » de la fusée. Après ça, éjectez la fusée. Après cela, les stabilisateurs. Maintenant, l'éjecteur de fusée obtient éjecté. Puis, le bouclier thermique obtient éjecté. Et puis, l'enveloppe extérieure obtient éjectée, avec le parachute. Finallement, les propulseurs de fusée activent pour abaisser le lander sans risque sur la surface de Mars. En conclusion, terres de Phoenix ! Puis, en dernière, les rangées solaires se prolongent, les puissances de station météorologique vers le haut, l'appareil-photo active, le radar à laser s'allume, et le bras de creusement commence le travail.

Technologie De Phoenix The main tool of the Phoenix is the Robotic Arm (RA), built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Alliance Spacesystems and Honeybee for the purposes of digging trenches, scooping up soil and water ice samples, and delivering the samples to the TEGA (Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer) and MECA (Microscopy, Electrochemistry and Conductivity Analyzer) instruments for detailed chemical and geological analysis. MECA, built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, is a combination of several scientific instruments including a wet chemistry laboratory, optical ad atomic force microscopes, and a thermal and electrical conductivity probe. The Robotic Arm Camera (RAC), built by the University of Arizona and Max Planck Institute, Germany, was built to photograph the Martian soil while the Robotic Arm takes samples. It was attached just above the scoop. The SSI (Stereo Surface Imager), also built by the University of Arizona, was created to serve as the “eyes” of the Phoenix, providing high-resolution, stereoscopic, panoramic images of the Martian arctic. TEGA, built by the University of Arizona and University of Texas, Dallas, is a combination high-temperature furnace and mass spectrometer instrument designed to analyze Martian ice and soil samples. The Mars Descent Imager (MARDI), built by Malin Space Science Systems, was built to photograph the Martian surface during Phoenix’s descent and plays a key scientific role during Phoenix’s descent. MET (Meteorological Station), built by the Canadian Space Agency, was intended to monitor and record the daily weather and temperature on Mars.

SSI=Surface Stereo Imager RAC=Robotic Arm Camera MARDI=Mars Descent Imager TEGA=Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer MECA=Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer WC=Wet Chemistry Experiment M=Microscopy, including the Optical Microscope and the Atomic Force Microscope TECP=Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe MET=Meteorological Station

Les Buts De Phoenix 1  Goal 1: Determine whether life ever arose on Mars  Continuing the Viking missions’ quest, but in an environment known to be water-rich, Phoenix searches for signatures of life at the soil-ice interface just below the Martian surface. Phoenix will land in the arctic plains, where its robotic arm will dig through the dry soil to reach the ice layer, bring the soil and ice samples to the lander platform, and analyze these samples using advanced scientific instruments. These samples may hold the key to understanding whether the Martian arctic is a habitable zone where microbes could grow and reproduce during moist conditions.  Goal 2: Characterize the climate of Mars  Phoenix will land during the retreat of the Martian polar cap, when cold soil is first exposed to sunlight after a long winter. The interaction between the ground surface and the Martian atmosphere that occurs at this time is critical to understanding the present and the past climate of Mars. To gather data about this interaction and other surface meteorological conditions, Phoenix will provide the first weather station in the Martian polar region, with no others currently planned. Data from this station will have a significant impact in improving global climate models of Mars.

Les Buts De Phoenix 2  Goal 3: Characterize the geology of Mars  As on Earth, the past history of water is written below the surface because liquid water changes soil chemistry and mineralogy in definite ways. Phoenix will use a suite of chemistry experiments to thoroughly analyze the soil’s chemistry and mineralogy. Some scientists speculate the landing site for Phoenix may have been a deep ocean in the planet’s distant past leaving evidence of sedimentation. If fine sediments of mud and silt are found at the site, it may support the hypothesis of an ancient ocean. Alternatively, coarse sediments of sand might indicate past flowing water, especially if these grains are rounded and well sorted. Using the first true microscope on Mars, Phoenix will examine the structure of these grains to better answer these questions about water’s influence on the geology of Mars.  Goal 4: Prepare for human exploration  The Phoenix Mission will provide evidence of water ice and assess the soil chemistry in Martian arctic. Water will be a critical resource to future human explorers and Phoenix may provide appreciable information on how water may be acquired on the planet. Understanding the soil chemistry will provide understanding of the potential resources available for human explorers to the northern plains.

Phoenix’s Discoveries