Commission Européenne DG Aide Humanitaire et Protection Civile (ECHO) The world has become richer and it has more engines to pull it out of the economic recession. Countries like China, Brazil and India, Indonesia and Kazakhstan and Russia, to name but a few - add new dynamics to our world. Even after this crisis the global economy stands strong at nearly 45 trillion euros – which is a nearly 50 % increase compared to its size only a decade ago. And yet our world is also more vulnerable and more fragile. Despite the enormous growth in the middle class – 2 billion people if we take the measure in local purchasing power - the "bottom billion" that Paul Collier wrote about: a billion of people living in dire poverty, has not shrunk. We live shoulder by shoulder, border by border with some 30 to 40 countries that are either in conflict, slipping into conflict, or coming out of conflict. We are all aware of the factors that will unfortunately increase our fragility and vulnerability. (see 3 fragility factors in the 4 following slides) Source : SPEECH/11/509 Kristalina Georgieva May 4 2011

Faire face à un monde plus vulnérable Map: World Risk Index 2011 EXAMPLE: Japan vs. Haiti Compared globally, Japan shows a high degree of exposure to natural hazards and climate change, as does Haiti. While in 2011, about 28,000 people died in the Japan earthquake, 220,000 died in the Haiti earthquake in 2010 (CRED EM-DAT 2011), which was 100 times weaker, at 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale. This large difference in the number of victims and in catastrophic results from natural events reveals the different vulnerability of the countries, which is an essential objective of the index. Risque de désastre élevé – Risque de désastre faible Risque de désastre = niveau d’exposition aux catastrophes naturelles x niveau de vulnérabilité

Faire face à un monde plus vulnérable Conséquence d’un changement climatique exacerbé par l’activité humaine: augmentation exponentielle de la fréquence et de l’intensité des catastrophes naturelles 1) The impact of climate change exacerbated by human activity. Trends in natural disasters. With growing population and infrastructures the world’s exposure to natural hazards is inevitably increasing. This is particularly true as the strongest population growth is located in coastal areas (with greater exposure to floods, cyclones and tidal waves). To make matters worse any land remaining available for urban growth is generally risk-prone, for instance flood plains or steep slopes subject to landslides. The statistics in this graphic reveal an exponential increase in disasters. This raises several questions. Is the increase due to a significant improvement in access to information? What part does population growth and infrastructure development play? Finally, is climate change behind the increasing frequency of natural hazards? Source : UNEP / GRIP http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/trends-in-natural-disasters

Faire face à un monde plus vulnérable Croissance phénoménale de la population mondiale et pression sur les ressources naturelles 2) Demographic trends and the resulting pressure on natural resources: access to food, water and energy will become more difficult and competitive, fuelling economic and social tensions.

Faire face à un monde plus vulnérable Urbanisation rapide et augmentation des densités de population, en particulier dans les zones vulnérables Population trends and urbanization: The demographic boom (9 billion people in 30 years) is accompanied by tensions between ageing rich countries and high fertility rates in developing world, rural and urban areas Example: Port-au-Prince has nearly three times as many people — many of them living in poverty — and more poorly built shanties than it did 25 years ago. So had the same quake hit in 1985 instead of 2010, total deaths would have probably been in the 80,000 range vs. +/- 200,000 (DRR Florida International University. Chile earthquake which was more than 500 times stronger than the one that struck Haiti hit an area of Chile that was less populated, better constructed, and not as poor. Chile's bigger quake caused fewer than 1,000 deaths.

Faire face à un monde plus vulnérable Pauvreté généralisée et de longue durée et développement inéquitable entre les pays et les populations 3) Protracted and widespread poverty and inequitable development among countries and populations that are often both the cause and consequence of instability and violent crises. Emerging economies and unequal development: while emerging countries are the new drivers of world growth (estimation that by 2020-2025 the GDP of the 8 major emerging economies will be superior to that of the G-8), millions of people still live in poverty. [Cab Speaking Point] More complex security threats: the growing number of weak and failing states creates conditions for protracted instability, increased fragility and conflicts. 21st century violence does not fit the 20th-century mood. Interstate war and civil war are still threats in some regions, but they have declined over the last 25 years (one-quarter of what they were in the 1980s). Violence and conflict have not been banished: one in four people on the planet, more than 1.5 billion, live in fragile and conflict affected states or in countries with very high levels of criminal violence. But because of the successes in reducing interstate war, the remaining forms of conflict and violence do not fit neatly either into “war” or “peace,” or into “criminal violence” or “political violence” (WDR 2011)

Malheureusement, les besoins humanitaires ne diminuent pas avec le temps.

Direction générale de l’Aide humanitaire et de la Protection civile Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Direction générale de l’Aide humanitaire et de la Protection civile Responsable de l’aide humanitaire et de la réponse aux catastrophes ECHO The EU's humanitarian assistance is based on the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality andindependence. Every decision ECHO takes must be in accordance with these four principles which are at the heart of the European Consensus on Humanitarian Aid. As such, ECHO's humanitarian aid is distributed without regard for any political agendas, and without exception seeks to help those in the greatest need, irrespective of their nationality, religion, gender, ethnic origin or political affiliation. Humanitarian principles: Underline the importance of humanitarian principles of neutrality, impartiality, humanity and independence and needs based approach as clearly stated in the European consensus on humanitarian aid. Examples of Al Houthi controlled territories in Yemen and Al Shabaab controlled regions in Central and South Somalia clearly show the importance of access for humanitarian workers and need to work with partners that respect the hum. principles (ICRC national delegation in Yemen was not perceived independent by the Al Houthi community). [Source: Cab Speaking note]

Direction générale de l’Aide humanitaire et de la Protection civile Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Direction générale de l’Aide humanitaire et de la Protection civile - L'Office Humanitaire des Communautés Européennes (ECHO) a été créé en 1992. - En 2004, ECHO est devenu la Direction Générale de l‘Aide humanitaire. - Depuis 2010, la protection civile fait partie intégrante de la DG, pour une meilleure coordination et une meilleure réponse aux catastrophes en et en dehors d’Europe. Since its creation 20 years ago, ECHO has helped millions of crisis victims in more than 100 countries hit by natural disasters and man-made crises. It has provided emergency assistance and relief to the most vulnerable people in the most dangerous conflicts and disaster-prone regions. Today ECHO has more than 300 people working in Brussels and more than 400 in 47 field offices all over the world. Immediately following a disaster they go to the crisis to carry out needs assessments, following this they monitor the implementation of the EU-funded humanitarian projects. This needs-based approach is a key characteristic of ECHO aid and how it is distributed.

Direction générale de l’Aide humanitaire et de la Protection civile Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Direction générale de l’Aide humanitaire et de la Protection civile Depuis 1992, ECHO a débloqué près de 14 milliards d’euros pour les victimes de conflits et de catastrophes naturelles, dans plus de 140 pays au monde.

Direction générale de l’Aide humanitaire et de la Protection civile Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Direction générale de l’Aide humanitaire et de la Protection civile Depuis 2007, ECHO distribue en moyenne 1 milliard d’euros chaque année et vient en aide à environ 150 millions de personnes parmi les plus vulnérables au monde.

Direction générale de l’Aide humanitaire et de la Protection civile Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Direction générale de l’Aide humanitaire et de la Protection civile Kristalina Georgieva Commissaire à la Coopération internationale, à l’Aide humanitaire et la Réponse aux Crises. In 2010, Kristalina Georgieva was appointed as the first dedicated Commissioner for international cooperation, humanitarian aid and crisis response.

L’Union européenne en tant que donateur humanitaire Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie L’Union européenne en tant que donateur humanitaire L’Union européenne compte parmi les premiers donateurs d'aide humanitaire au monde. Ensemble, les Etats membres et les institutions européennes représentent plus de la moitié de l'aide humanitaire mondiale. Funding EC The EC humanitarian contribution in 2011 is USD 1,6 billion (EUR 1,1 billion) so far with the biggest operations in the Horn of Africa and West Africa. The humanitarian contribution in 2010 was USD 2,1 billion (EUR 1,5 billion) with the biggest operations in Sudan and Pakistan. The UN agencies that received most funding were WFP (17%) and UNHCR (7%). (Figures based on the Financial Tracking system managed by OCHA). However the EC together with the EU Member States is the world's largest humanitarian donor. In 2010 the humanitarian contribution of the EU amounted to USD 5,4 billion (EUR 3,9 billion), existing of 41% of total official humanitarian aid in 2010 (USD 13,5 billion - EUR 9,8 billion). The European Commission's humanitarian assistance alone represented between 30-40% of the total EU humanitarian funding in 2010.. More investments in preparedness to effectively address large scale sudden-onset disasters through planning, prepositioning of supplies, improved logistics, better training and support to local capacities. All relevant actors should play a role, including governments, affected communities, local actors, humanitarian and development agencies. [Cabinet Speaking points]

L’Union européenne en tant que donateur humanitaire Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie L’Union européenne en tant que donateur humanitaire Since 2007, ECHO manage part of the Food aid budget previously managed by EuropeAid. 2011 Total Budget : 1154 million € (Foreseen budget: 853 million €) Use of Emergency Aid Reserve in 2011: Libya (€65 million); Ivory Coast ( €55 million), the Horn of Africa (€83.86 million) Sudan and South Sudan (€40 million) and Pakistan (€10 million).

L’Union européenne en tant que donateur humanitaire Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie L’Union européenne en tant que donateur humanitaire Budget total de l’Union européenne €€€€€€€€€€ In 2010 the ECHO distributed humanitarian aid worth €1,115 billion. While this figure represents less than 1% of the European Union's total budget, it provided assistance to more than 150 million people in over 80 countries outside the European Union. Budget de l’Aide humanitaire 

L’Union européenne en tant que donateur humanitaire Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie L’Union européenne en tant que donateur humanitaire 1% (du budget total de l’Union européenne) Aide humanitaire fournie à près de 150 millions de personnes dans plus de 80 pays en dehors de l’Union européenne In 2010 the ECHO distributed humanitarian aid worth €1,115 billion. While this figure represents less than 1% of the European Union's total budget, it provided assistance to more than 150 million people in over 80 countries outside the European Union. Since its creation, ECHO has channelled around €14 billion to victims of conflict and disasters in over 140 countries around the globe. Since 2007, an average of €1 billion has been provided annually, helping nearly 150 million of the world's most vulnerable populations each year. Together with the support provided directly by EU Member States, this makes the European Union the world’s leading humanitarian donor.

TRAITÉ SUR LE FONCTIONNEMENT DE L'UNION EUROPÉENNE Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Législation TRAITÉ SUR LE FONCTIONNEMENT DE L'UNION EUROPÉENNE The Treaty of Lisbon classifies development cooperation and humanitarian aid as “shared parallel competences”: this means that the Union conducts an autonomous policy, which neither prevents the Member States from exercising their competences nor makes the Union’s policy merely “complementary” to those of the Member States.

Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Mandat de sauver et préserver des vies dans les situations d’urgence et de post-urgence immédiate et à l’occasion de catastrophes naturelles ou provoquées par l’homme; d’apporter l’assistance et le secours nécessaires aux populations affectées par des crises plus durables telles que les guerres civiles; de contribuer au financement de l’acheminement de l’aide en travaillant de façon à garantir que l’aide soit accessible à ceux à qui elle est destinée; d’aider les réfugiés ou les populations déplacées là où elles ont trouvé asile et de les aider à se réinstaller dans leur pays ou lieu d’origine; de développer les travaux de réhabilitation et de reconstruction afin d’aider les victimes à regagner un niveau minimum d’autosuffisance en tenant compte des objectifs de développement à long terme, le cas échéant; de garantir une préparation aux risques de catastrophes naturelles, en particulier en utilisant un système d'alerte rapide et en finançant des projets de prévention des catastrophes dans les régions à haut risque. The Commission's mandate for humanitarian aid is defined in Council Regulation (EC) No 1257/96. The main objectives of the humanitarian aid operations funded by the Commission are: to save and preserve life during emergencies and their immediate aftermath in man-made or natural disasters outside the EU; to provide assistance and relief to people affected by longer-lasting crises such as civil wars; to finance the delivery of aid, working to ensure that aid is accessible to those for whom it is intended; to assist refugees or displaced people wherever they find sanctuary and to help them resettle if they return home; to support short-term rehabilitation and reconstruction work to help victims regain a minimum level of self-sufficiency, taking long-term development objectives into account where possible; to ensure preparedness for natural disasters, in particular by setting up early-warning systems and financing disaster prevention projects in high-risk regions.

Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? The consequences of disasters are devastating and varied: lives are lost, housing, crops and livelihoods destroyed. Humanitarian aid is provided in a variety of forms depending on the nature of the crisis. It can range from food, clothes, healthcare, shelter, water and sanitation to emergency repairs to infrastructure, demining actions, psychological support and education. Another type of crisis is the one forgotten by the world's media and most of its donors, and thus receives very little aid. ECHO conducts an annual 'forgotten crisis assessment'   to identify such crises and raise their profile within the humanitarian community. All of these ECHO funded projects share one common aim: to alleviate the suffering of the affected populations.

Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Eau et sanitation (distribution d’eau potable, nouveaux puits et forages, canalisations d’eau, latrines, traitement des eaux usées, éducation à l’hygiène, etc.) The consequences of disasters are devastating and varied: lives are lost, housing, crops and livelihoods destroyed. Humanitarian aid is provided in a variety of forms depending on the nature of the crisis. It can range from food, clothes, healthcare, shelter, water and sanitation to emergency repairs to infrastructure, demining actions, psychological support and education. Another type of crisis is the one forgotten by the world's media and most of its donors, and thus receives very little aid. ECHO conducts an annual 'forgotten crisis assessment'   to identify such crises and raise their profile within the humanitarian community. All of these ECHO funded projects share one common aim: to alleviate the suffering of the affected populations.

Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Eau et sanitation (distribution d’eau potable, nouveaux puits et forages, canalisations d’eau, latrines, traitement des eaux usées, éducation à l’hygiène, etc.) Aide alimentaire / Nutrition (aliments de base; nutrition complémentaire ou thérapeutique pour nourrissons; rations spéciales pour personnes sous-alimentées; semences pour les agriculteurs, etc.) The consequences of disasters are devastating and varied: lives are lost, housing, crops and livelihoods destroyed. Humanitarian aid is provided in a variety of forms depending on the nature of the crisis. It can range from food, clothes, healthcare, shelter, water and sanitation to emergency repairs to infrastructure, demining actions, psychological support and education. Another type of crisis is the one forgotten by the world's media and most of its donors, and thus receives very little aid. ECHO conducts an annual 'forgotten crisis assessment'   to identify such crises and raise their profile within the humanitarian community. All of these ECHO funded projects share one common aim: to alleviate the suffering of the affected populations.

Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Eau et sanitation (distribution d’eau potable, nouveaux puits et forages, canalisations d’eau, latrines, traitement des eaux usées, éducation à l’hygiène, etc.) Assistance médicale (campagnes de vaccination; médicaments de base; équipements hospitaliers; cliniques de soins de santé de première nécesité; formation de personnel local, etc.) Aide alimentaire / Nutrition (aliments de base; nutrition complémentaire ou thérapeutique pour nourrissons; rations spéciales pour personnes sous-alimentées; semences pour les agriculteurs, etc.) The consequences of disasters are devastating and varied: lives are lost, housing, crops and livelihoods destroyed. Humanitarian aid is provided in a variety of forms depending on the nature of the crisis. It can range from food, clothes, healthcare, shelter, water and sanitation to emergency repairs to infrastructure, demining actions, psychological support and education. Another type of crisis is the one forgotten by the world's media and most of its donors, and thus receives very little aid. ECHO conducts an annual 'forgotten crisis assessment'   to identify such crises and raise their profile within the humanitarian community. All of these ECHO funded projects share one common aim: to alleviate the suffering of the affected populations.

Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Eau et sanitation (distribution d’eau potable, nouveaux puits et forages, canalisations d’eau, latrines, traitement des eaux usées, éducation à l’hygiène, etc.) Assistance médicale (campagnes de vaccination; médicaments de base; équipements hospitaliers; cliniques de soins de santé de première nécesité; formation de personnel local, etc.) Aide alimentaire / Nutrition (aliments de base; nutrition complémentaire ou thérapeutique pour nourrissons; rations spéciales pour personnes sous-alimentées; semences pour les agriculteurs, etc.) Abris (Tentes, bâches plastiques; matériaux de construction, etc.) The consequences of disasters are devastating and varied: lives are lost, housing, crops and livelihoods destroyed. Humanitarian aid is provided in a variety of forms depending on the nature of the crisis. It can range from food, clothes, healthcare, shelter, water and sanitation to emergency repairs to infrastructure, demining actions, psychological support and education. Another type of crisis is the one forgotten by the world's media and most of its donors, and thus receives very little aid. ECHO conducts an annual 'forgotten crisis assessment'   to identify such crises and raise their profile within the humanitarian community. All of these ECHO funded projects share one common aim: to alleviate the suffering of the affected populations.

Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? The consequences of disasters are devastating and varied: lives are lost, housing, crops and livelihoods destroyed. Humanitarian aid is provided in a variety of forms depending on the nature of the crisis. It can range from food, clothes, healthcare, shelter, water and sanitation to emergency repairs to infrastructure, demining actions, psychological support and education. Another type of crisis is the one forgotten by the world's media and most of its donors, and thus receives very little aid. ECHO conducts an annual 'forgotten crisis assessment'   to identify such crises and raise their profile within the humanitarian community. All of these ECHO funded projects share one common aim: to alleviate the suffering of the affected populations.

Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Soutien au déminage humanitaire The consequences of disasters are devastating and varied: lives are lost, housing, crops and livelihoods destroyed. Humanitarian aid is provided in a variety of forms depending on the nature of the crisis. It can range from food, clothes, healthcare, shelter, water and sanitation to emergency repairs to infrastructure, demining actions, psychological support and education. Another type of crisis is the one forgotten by the world's media and most of its donors, and thus receives very little aid. ECHO conducts an annual 'forgotten crisis assessment'   to identify such crises and raise their profile within the humanitarian community. All of these ECHO funded projects share one common aim: to alleviate the suffering of the affected populations.

Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Soutien au déminage humanitaire Préparation aux catastrophes (DIPECHO) The consequences of disasters are devastating and varied: lives are lost, housing, crops and livelihoods destroyed. Humanitarian aid is provided in a variety of forms depending on the nature of the crisis. It can range from food, clothes, healthcare, shelter, water and sanitation to emergency repairs to infrastructure, demining actions, psychological support and education. Another type of crisis is the one forgotten by the world's media and most of its donors, and thus receives very little aid. ECHO conducts an annual 'forgotten crisis assessment'   to identify such crises and raise their profile within the humanitarian community. All of these ECHO funded projects share one common aim: to alleviate the suffering of the affected populations.

Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Soutien au déminage humanitaire Soutien psychosocial Assistance technique aux organisations partenaires Préparation aux catastrophes (DIPECHO) The consequences of disasters are devastating and varied: lives are lost, housing, crops and livelihoods destroyed. Humanitarian aid is provided in a variety of forms depending on the nature of the crisis. It can range from food, clothes, healthcare, shelter, water and sanitation to emergency repairs to infrastructure, demining actions, psychological support and education. Another type of crisis is the one forgotten by the world's media and most of its donors, and thus receives very little aid. ECHO conducts an annual 'forgotten crisis assessment'   to identify such crises and raise their profile within the humanitarian community. All of these ECHO funded projects share one common aim: to alleviate the suffering of the affected populations.

Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Quels projets humanitaires ECHO finance-t-il ? Soutien au déminage humanitaire Soutien psychosocial Assistance technique aux organisations partenaires Préparation aux catastrophes (DIPECHO) ECHO flight Réforme humanitaire et renforcement des capacités Réseaux et initiatives de formations (NOHA) Campagnes d’informations à destination du grand public The consequences of disasters are devastating and varied: lives are lost, housing, crops and livelihoods destroyed. Humanitarian aid is provided in a variety of forms depending on the nature of the crisis. It can range from food, clothes, healthcare, shelter, water and sanitation to emergency repairs to infrastructure, demining actions, psychological support and education. Another type of crisis is the one forgotten by the world's media and most of its donors, and thus receives very little aid. ECHO conducts an annual 'forgotten crisis assessment'   to identify such crises and raise their profile within the humanitarian community. All of these ECHO funded projects share one common aim: to alleviate the suffering of the affected populations.

Qui met en oeuvre les projets humanitaires? Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Qui met en oeuvre les projets humanitaires? La Commission européenne est un donateur actif. L’aide est distribuée par nos partenaires: - 191 NGO européennes - 14 agences des Nations Unies - 3 organisations internationales (CICR, FICR, OIM) In order to implement humanitarian operations, ECHO cooperates with over 200 partners (14 United Nations agencies, 191 non-governmental organisations and three international organisations: the International Committee of the Red Cross/Red Crescent, the International Federation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent and the International Organisation for Migration). In partnership with these humanitarian organisations ECHO has a very fast response capacity allowing funding and staff to be rapidly deployed to where help is most needed.

Où va l’argent? Stratégie 2012 – les priorités Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Où va l’argent? Stratégie 2012 – les priorités Corne de l’Afrique (€102 millions) Soudan – Nord et Sud (€87 millions) Congo RDC (€44 millions), Territoires Palestiniens Occupés (€40 millions) Sahel (€45 millions) The World-Wide Decision on Humanitarian Aid is allocated on the basis of the annual Global Needs Assessment (GNA). The European Commission categorises 139 developing countries in terms of their vulnerability and the recent occurrence of a crisis. In 2011, using the GNA methodology, the Commission identified 52 countries currently experiencing at least one humanitarian crisis. Out of these, 23 countries emerged as "extremely vulnerable", 19 of which are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Commission will fund humanitarian interventions in 36 countries or regions. Based on the assessment of needs of the most vulnerable populations in the world the five largest humanitarian operations will be in Sudan (North and South) (€87 million), the Democratic Republic of Congo (€44 million), the occupied Palestinian territory (40 million EUR), the Sahel (€45 million), and the Horn of Africa (€102 million), All of these are large-scale, protracted crises resulting from conflict and food shortages or both. The largest operation in budgetary terms is sub-Saharan Africa, for which 52% of Commission's humanitarian funding is reserved. "One of the biggest crises already looming on the horizon is the food emergency in the Sahel, where 300.000 children already die from malnutrition every year. Without concerted action this tragedy will be even greater next year. We helped prevent a large-scale food crisis in the Sahel in 2010 and we are investing more in the coming months," said Kristalina Georgieva, the European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response.

Intro / Essentiel / Activités / Stratégie Using the GNA methodology, the Commission identified 52 countries or territories currently experiencing at least one humanitarian crisis. Out of these, 23 countries emerged as "extremely vulnerable", which is an increase compared to last year (out of 49 countries in crisis, 22 were identified as "extremely vulnerable"). 19 of these 23 countries and territories are in sub-Saharan Africa (Benin, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda and Zimbabwe), the others being Afghanistan, Chechnya, Haiti and Yemen. Some 15% of the budget is dedicated to forgotten crises – areas which get little media attention and where the Commission is often the only major donor. * The 2011-2012 FCA assessment concluded on the existence of 10 forgotten crises situations among which 9 were already identified as forgotten in 2011: The Rohingya refugees and the Chittagong Hill Tracts crisis in Bangladesh; The Rohingya crisis and inter-ethnic conflict in Myanmar (Burma); The populations affected by the internal armed conflict Colombia; The conflict in the north of Yemen as well as the refugees from the Horn of Africa; The Sahrawi refugees in Algeria; The internal armed conflict in the Central African Republic; The Bhutanese refugees in Nepal; The populations affected by regional conflicts in India (Kashmir, north-east, Naxalite affected regions); The humanitarian crisis caused by violence from the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and covering the regions of Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan; A newly-identified forgotten crisis linked to returning IDPs to the North, Sri Lanka affecting 375.000 people.

Intégrer l’aide humanitaire et la protection civile Both, humanitarian aid and civil protection aim to strengthen the disaster response capacity of the European Union taking into account the important role of disaster risk reduction and disaster preparedness.

Intégrer l’aide humanitaire et la protection civile Quoi? Donateur actif: programmer et developper des politiques d’aide humanitaire Financement (budget de la Commission): 980 millions d’euros en 2011 Contribution volontaire ou aide en nature des Etats membres (experts, équipes spécialisées, équipement ou tout autre assistance matérielle) Budget de l’Instrument de Protection Civile: 189 millions d’euros en 7 ans. A qui? Mise en oeuvre par les partenaires (Agences spécialisées de l’ONU / Croix Rouge et Croissant Rouge / ONGs / Organisations internationales) Gouvernement du pays affecté, si celui-ci en fait la demande Experts? Le personnel d’ECHO sur le terrain Les experts nationaux des Etats membres sur le terrain Où? Les populations les plus vulnérables en dehors de l’Union européenne, essentiellement dans les pays en développement À l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’Union européenne. Quel type de désastre? Naturel et provoqué par l’homme (guerres, conflits, etc.) Naturel et provoqué par l’homme (les urgences complexes sont plutôt une exception) Quand? Immédiatement après la catastrophe et tant que demeurent des besoins humanitaires (puis lien entre l'aide d'urgence, la réhabilitation et le développement ). Au plus fort de la crise uniquement (en général max. 2-3 semaine).

La Protection civile - L'instrument clé de la protection civile européenne est le Mécanisme de Protection Civile (MPC), créé en 2001. - Le Mécanisme de Protection civile de l'UE est composé de 32 états (27 Etats membres de l'UE plus l'ancienne République yougoslave de Macédoine, la Croatie, l'Islande, le Liechtenstein et la Norvège) qui coopèrent dans le domaine de la protection civile.

La Protection civile - Le cœur opérationnel du MPC est le Monitoring and Information Centre (MIC) de la Commission européenne, accessible 24h sur 24, sept jours sur sept. - Il est en cours de transformation pour devenir le European Emergency Response Centre (ERC) - N'importe quel pays touché par une catastrophe et dépassé par son ampleur, qu'il fasse partie de l'UE ou non, peut demander de l'aide au travers du MIC/ERC.

Comment ça marche ? - Dés qu’un pays nécessitant une assistance internationale rapide en fait la demande, chaque Etat membre peut en avoir connaissance. - Chaque point de contact national évalue les ressources disponibles et informe le MIC dans quelle mesure son pays peut aider ou pas. - Le MIC fait le lien entre les deux pays afin d’assurer une prompte distribution de l’assistance acceptée. How does it work ? Affected country requests assistance to the MIC MIC forwards the request to the 31 national contact points Participating States inform the MIC whether they are in a position to offer assistance MIC compiles responses and informs affected country of available assistance Affected country selects the assistance it needs and establishes contact with the assisting countries MIC facilitates mobilisation, deployment and coordination of ressources

Que fait la Protection civile ? La protection civile européenne couvre trois phases du cycle de gestion de la crise : PREVENTION Il est possible de prévenir les désastres de différentes façons, en créant un inventaire des informations sur les catastrophes, en partageant les meilleures pratiques, en renforçant les outils d'alerte précoce, etc. PREPARATION Programmes de formation, exercices de simulation de catastrophes, programmes d'échanges d'experts, projets de coopération pour former les populations et le grand public. REPONSE L'aide peut comprendre des équipes de recherches et de sauvetage, des équipes médicales, des abris, des unités de purification de l'eau et toute autre aide demandée. The European civil protection covers three phases of the disaster management cycle: Prevention, Preparedness & Response. Prevention Investing in risk prevention and preparedness before a disaster takes place pays significant dividends compared to paying for relief, recovery and reconstruction afterwards. The European Commission supports and complements prevention efforts of Participating States in the CPM, focusing on areas where a common European approach is more effective than separate national approaches. Disaster prevention is possible by various ways such as creating an inventory of information on disasters, sharing of best practices, reinforcing early warning tools etc. Preparedness Preparatory measures are undertaken at EU level to allow rapid mobilisation of assistance intervention teams in case of emergency, as well to ensure effective response capability and complementarily of assets. The EU also supports cooperation projects helping to prepare communities and the general population. For this purpose it organises training programmes, exercises during simulated emergencies, exchange of expert's programmes, cooperation projects, and modules provided on voluntary basis by Participating States depending on the type and needs of the particular emergency. Response The CPM interventions cover all types of major emergencies, including natural and man-made disasters, acts of terrorism and technological, radiological and environmental accidents, including accidental marine pollution. Assistance may include search and rescue teams, medical teams, shelter, water purification units and other relief items requested.

Pour plus d’information: DG ECHO – Aide humanitaire et Protection civile http://ec.europa.eu/echo/ Commission européenne – Aide humanitaire & Protection civile (ECHO) Aide humanitaire de l’UE @eu_echo