Les syndromes coronariens aigus sans sus décalage de ST en 2015

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Transcription de la présentation:

Les syndromes coronariens aigus sans sus décalage de ST en 2015 DR S AHNIA ALGER MAURITANIE OCTOBRE 2015

Introduction La prise en charge des infarctus du myocarde connait toujours des evolutions et changements grace a d’importantes etudes randomisées qui tombent

Epidemilogie CAD premiere cause de mortalite dans le monde 12,8 % 1 sur 6 homme et 1 sur 7 femme meurt d’IDM Mortalite hospitaliere : 6 – 14 % europe Pas de donnees africaines Diminution de la mortalite a long terme grace a la reperfusion et amelioration de la PEC mais demeure A 6 mois 12 %

Definition redefinition MI = necrose biologique NSTEMI MI STEMI STEMI ACS sus decalage de ST

Traitement de reperfusion Angioplastie primaire : PPCI Thrombloyse Approchr pharmaco invasive

Principles of a reperfusion network ESC 2012 guidelines Class I indication ACCF/AHA 2013 guidelines Clear and well articulated goals Evidence based Enhance the speed and delivery of reperfusion therapy to all eligible patients Adjust to local conditions Clearly defined roles – universal buy-in Simple to follow – 24/7 Continuous audit Adapt to new knowledge

Notion de Reseau local : network Implication des differentes structures de santé Connectées avec un systeme de transport Pour une prise en charge optimale : reduction des delais Definir responsabilté geographique des differents acteurs

Traitement de reperfusion

Les Delais :course contre la montre Delai patient : Information, sensibilisation FMC-DC inf 10 mn FMC – Reperfusion inf 90 mn FMC thrombolyse : inf 30 mn Door to Balloon : inf 60 mn dans PCI hospital

Les Delais :course contre la montre Delai patient : Information, sensibilisation FMC-DC inf 10 mn FMC – Reperfusion inf 90 mn FMC thrombolyse : inf 30 mn Door to Balloon : inf 60 mn dans PCI hospital

STEMI/reperfusion strategies Minimize all time delays (specially within 2h symptom onset) Transportation to PCI centre (high volume operators) If admission to hosp without PCI: .transportation to PCI centre if time delay < 2h (1st med contact and ballon inflation) .if > 2h: thrombolysis and transfer to PCI center (3h-24h)

Reperfusion : indication signes ischemique : DT +ST elevation inf 12 H Ideale : inf 12 H : PCI ou lytic Raisonable : 12 -24 PCI Non indique apres 24 H : etude OAT

Quelle reperfusion

Quelle reperfusion : PCI Angioplastie primare

Voie d’abord Voie radiale : IIaB Diminue le risque hemorragique deja elevee par l’utilisation des antithrombotique Ameliore le pronostic Trials : RIVAL , STEACS,Rifle

Stent ou pas stent Stenting systematique IA Stent ou delayed stent Attitude MIMI

Quel stent Stent actifs IIa A Ameliore les MACE par diminution des revascularisation VS stent nu Condition : pas de risque hemorragique chez le patient Enquete difficile en urgence Leader Free ….. Trial

Thromboaspiration : IIa B TAPAS : effet sur le regression de ST Effet sur le Blush ETUDE negative : Infuse MI TASTE , dernierement TOTAL regression IIb voire III en routine car risque d’AVC

Background TAPAS trial (N=1071) showed a large benefit Large effect size in TAPAS (2008) No difference in TASTE (2013) TAPAS trial (N=1071) showed a large benefit vs. TASTE (N=7244) showed no benefit of thrombus aspiration Vlaar PJ, et al. Lancet 2008;371:1915-20. Frobert O, et al. N Engl J Med 2013. Lagerqvist B, et al. N Engl J Med. 2014.

Randomized trial of manual aspiration Thrombectomy + PCI vs Randomized trial of manual aspiration Thrombectomy + PCI vs. PCI Alone in STEMI (TOTAL) SS Jolly, JA Cairns, S Yusuf, B Meeks, J Pogue, MJ Rokoss, S Kedev, L Thabane, G Stankovic, R Moreno, A Gershlick, S Chowdhary, S Lavi, K Niemelä, PG Steg, I Bernat, Y Xu, WJ Cantor, C Overgaard, C Naber, AN Cheema, RC Welsh, OF Bertrand, A Avezum, R Bhindi, S Pancholy, SV Rao, MK Natarajan, JM ten Berg, O Shestakovska, P Gao, P Widimsky, V Džavík on behalf of the TOTAL Investigators

Conclusions Routine thrombectomy compared to PCI alone with only bailout thrombectomy did not reduce CV death, MI, shock or heart failure within 180 days Routine thrombectomy was associated with increased risk of stroke within 30 days TOTAL and TASTE emphasize the need to conduct large randomized trials of common interventions even when small trials appear positive

Rationale for Thrombectomy Major Limitation of Primary PCI: Distal Embolization and Reduced Flow Hypothesis: Aspiration thrombectomy may reduce embolization and improve clinical outcomes

Retrogradee par l ACC AHA

Multitronculaire : Dilater seule artere coupable ou tout dilater Guideline IIa B : artere coupable seule Mais : PRAMI puis DANAMI 3 et PRIMUTI Controverse ACC AHA : upgrade l’indication de traiter les autres lesions

European guidelines (ESC)

Cvlprit – total mortality, recurrent MI, heart failure, revascularisation

The Third DANish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction PRImary PCI in MULTIvessel Disease - DANAMI3-PRIMULTI Thomas Engstrøm, MD, DMSci, PhD Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

DANAMI3-TRIAL PROGRAM DANAMI3-PRIMULTI Randomise 313 IRA PCI only 2239 STEMI < 12 hours Randomise conventional PPCI, iPOST, defer stenting 2212 Successful infarct related artery PCI 627 Multivessel disease (>50% stenosis in non IRA > 2 mm suitable for PCI) Randomise 313 IRA PCI only 314 FFR guided complete revascularisation DANAMI3-PRIMULTI 40

Traitement anti agregant Aspirine plutot orale Prasugrel : TRITON Ticagrelor : Plato Clopidogrel : par defaut

Traitement anticoagulants Enoxaparine plutot que UFH (ATTOL Bivalirudine

Les antiGpIIbIIIa Etude Finesse, HORIZON , BRAVE3 ne montre leur interet interet systematique car risque hemorragique IIb B Pas en prehospitalier Plutot Bait out

FIBRINOLYSE Strategie de revascularisation qui a prouvé depuis longtemp son efficacité 30 sur 1000 sauvés avant 6H Meme chez les sujets agés de plus de 75 ans L’essentiel de reduction de la mortalité se fait dans les 2h apres le debut de la douleur qui fait au moins aussi bien que PCI (CAPTIM, STREAM) Thrombolyse prehospitaliere a redonné de l’importance a la thrombolyse dans les strategies de revascularisation

CONLUSION Thromboaspiration : pas tout le temps MIMI : parfois DES : presque toujours Autres lesion que coupable : a considerer